The Greek that is often translated as “amazed” in English has the option of various terms in Luang with different shades of meaning.
For Acts 3:10 and 9:7, ema rtaplelleltarga (“as if they could not speak”) was chosen. This is used for “surprise causing introspection about the meaning of what has occurred and what effect it will have.”
For Mark 16:5, hnedu (“surprised”) was chosen. This is used for “surprise causing a physical jerk of the body.”
Source: Kathy Taber in Notes on Translation 1/1999, p. 9-16.
Retrotraducciones en español (haga clic o pulse aquí)
María Magdalena antes tenía adentro siete demonios que Jesús había expulsado.
El sábado descansaron hasta la noche (y entonces) María Magdalena, María y Salome se fueron a comprar perfume para ungir y frotar el perfume en el cuerpo muerto de Jesús.
El domingo, temprano en la mañana Jesús resucitó y primero encontró a María Magdalena, ella vio con sus propios ojos que Jesús estaba vivo otra vez y se fue.
Después de la salida del sol las otras mujeres estaban en camino para ir a la tumba, y mientras caminaban dijeron: “¿Cómo vamos a quitar la piedra? ¿Quién nos va a ayudar a rodar la piedra?”
Continuaron en el camino y vieron que la piedra fue revuelta, y fueron y entraron y vieron a un hombre jóven con ropa blanca sentado.
Las mujeres se asustaron y el ángel dijo: “No tengan miedo, uds buscan a Jesús de Nazarét, que fue crucificado y murió, ya se ha levantado, su cuerpo no está, miren.
Ahorita vayanse y adviertan a los discípulos y a Pedro diciendo: “Recuerden que recien antes Jesús les ha dicho: ‘voy a Galilela y uds también vayan a Galilea a ver a Jesús.'”
Las mujeres tenían miedo y estaban nerviosas y huyeron caminando, y no decían nada y se fueron.
Mary Magdalene before had seven demons inside her that Jesus had thrown out.
On Saturday they rested till nighttime and (then) Mary Magdalene, Mary and Salome went off to buy perfume to anoint and rub the perfume onto Jesus’ dead body.
On Sunday, early in the morning Jesus rose and first met Mary Magdalene, who saw with her own eyes that Jesus was alive again and went off.
After sunrise the other women were on their way to go to the tomb, and while they walked they said: “How are we going to take away the stone? Who will help us to roll the stone away?”
They went on and saw that the stone had been rolled away, and they went over and entered and saw a young man with white clothes sitting there.
The women were frightened and the angel said: “Do not be afraid, you are looking for Jesus of Nazareth who was crucified and died, he has already risen, his body is not here, look.
Now go and warn the disciples and Peter saying: “Remember that not long ago Jesus has told you: ‘I go to Galilee and you must also go to Galilee to see Jesus.'”
The women were afraid and nervous and they fled, walking away and they said nothing about it and left.
The Sabbath had already ended, and the next day had come. Three women — Mary Magdalene, another Mary, she has a son James, and the third Salome, they went to the market and bought aromatic oils. They planned to go to the tomb of Jesus to anoint his body. This was the custom of the Jews — to rub the body of the dead with aromatic oils. Early in the morning, on Sunday, when the sun had just risen, they went to the tomb. On the way, they talked among themselves:
— There is such a big stone blocking the entrance to the tomb! We cannot move it! Who will help us? We ourselves do not have enough strength to move it!
So they talked among themselves. But when they came to the tomb, they saw that this huge stone was lying to the side, and the passage was open. They entered the tomb and were very afraid, seeing that there was a young man there. He was dressed in snow-white clothes and was sitting on the right side. The women were very afraid. The young man said:
— Do not be afraid! I know you are looking for Jesus from the city of Nazareth. Jesus was crucified, buried in this place, but now he is not here! Jesus has risen from the dead, he is alive. You go and tell his disciples and Peter that Jesus has already gone to Galilee, and there you will see him.
Those three women were very afraid, trembled with fear and quickly ran from that place. They could not tell the disciples anything, they were so afraid.
Original Russian back-translation (click or tap here):
Суббота уже закончилась, наступил следующий день. Три женщины — Мария Магдалина, еще одна Мария, у нее сын Иаков, и третья Саломея, они пошли на рынок и купили ароматных масел. Они планировали пойти к гробнице Иисуса, чтобы намазать его тело. Такой был обычай у иудеев — натирать тело умершего ароматными маслами. Ранним утром, в воскресенье, когда только взошло солнце, они пошли к гробнице. По пути они между собой разговаривали:
— Там такой большой камень закрывает вход в гробницу! Мы не можем его отодвинуть! Кто нам поможет? У нас самих нет столько сил, чтобы его отодвинуть!
Так они говорили между собой. Но когда они пришли к гробнице, то увидели что этот огромный камень лежит в стороне, а проход открыт. Они вошли в гробницу, и очень испугались, увидев, что там был юноша. Он был в белоснежной одежде и сидел с правой стороны. Женщины испугались очень сильно. Юноша сказал:
— Не бойтесь! Я знаю, вы ищете Иисуса из города Назарета. Иисус был распят, погребен вот на этом месте, но сейчас его здесь нет! Иисус воскрес из мёртвых, он живой. Вы же идите и скажите его ученикам и Петру, что Иисус уже отправился в Галилею, и там вы его увидите. Те три женщины очень сильно испугались, задрожали от страха и быстро побежали из этого места. Они не смогли ничего рассказать ученикам, так сильно они боялись.
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 16:5:
Uma: “Upon entering the grave, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, dressed in white clothes. The women were amazed to see him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “They entered the cave. They saw there a young man dressed in white sitting towards the right. They were really startled.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they went in to the door of the grave, and they saw sitting on their right a young person dressed in white cloth, and then their breaths were startled.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Then they entered the cave and saw a young-man dressed in a white robe sitting on the right. And they were startled.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “On their arriving, they entered where Jesus was laid out. There was a young man they saw, who was sitting there at the right side of where (Jesus) had been laid out, dressed in white. When those women saw, they were afraid.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Living Water is produced for the Bible translation movement in association with Lutheran Bible Translators. Lyrics derived from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®).
eiselthousai eis to mnēmeion (cf. 5.2) ‘going into the tomb’: cf. 15.46, and see Lagrange for a description of the tomb as it probably was.
eidon neaniskon kathēmenon en tois dexiois peribeblēmenon stolēn leukēn ‘they saw a young man sitting on the right, wearing a white robe’: the description and the circumstances would imply that the ‘young man’ was, in fact, an angel, and Lagrange refers to 2 Macc. 3.26, 33 for a similar description. A translation should have, however, ‘young man,’ and not ‘angel.’ For neaniskos ‘young man’ cf. 14.51; kathēmai ‘sit’ cf. 2.6; en tois dexiois ‘on the right (side)’ cf. 10.27 (elsewhere in Mark always ek dexiōn); periballō ‘to clothe,’ ‘wear’ (cf. 14.51); stolē ‘robe’ cf. 12.38; leukē ‘white’ cf. 9.3.
exethambēthēsan (cf. 9.15) ‘they were astonished’; perhaps ‘they were alarmed.’ It should be noticed that this compound verb, indicating strong emotion, is used only by Mark in the New Testament.
Translation:
Entering the tomb may be treated as a dependent clause of time, e.g. ‘when they had entered the tomb, they saw…’ or as a coordinate event in prior sequence, e.g. ‘they entered the tomb and saw….’
Saw a young man sitting is a type of construction which requires two clauses in many languages, e.g. ‘saw a young man; he was sitting.’
On the right side must be related to the orientation of the tomb or to the position of the women, not to the right side of Jesus, as some translations have implied, thus giving the impression that Jesus was still in the tomb, though unseen.
Dressed in a white robe would imply a garment which was both long and white, e.g. ‘wearing clothing, long and white’ (Copainalá Zoque).
For amazed see 1.22, 27.
Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
In this paragraph, the women arrived at the tomb and entered it. Inside, they met a young man dressed in a white robe.
16:5a
When they entered the tomb: The women arrived at the tomb and went into it. In some languages it may be helpful to mention that they arrived. For example:
When the women came to the tomb, they entered it…
they: The pronoun they refers to the women whose names were mentioned in 16:1.
entered the tomb: The women entered the tomb in the same way people enter a small room. They were not going down into a hole. John 20:5 mentions that it was necessary to stoop to enter the tomb. This was because the opening to the tomb was probably about one meter square.
tomb: See how you translated tomb in 16:2b and 16:3b.
16:5b
they saw a young man: The women saw someone who appeared to be a young man. Use a general term that refers to a man who is old enough to marry.
Most Bible scholars say that the young man was one of the angels that Matthew and Luke mentioned in their accounts of Jesus’ resurrection. Mark did not say that the young man was an angel, so you should not specify that in the text here. You may want to include a footnote that explains the differences between Mark and the other two gospel accounts. For example:
This young man was an angel sent from God. See Matthew 28:2 and Luke 24:4. -or-
Matthew 28:2 and Luke 24:4 describe this person as an angel sent from God. This angel looked like a young man, so that was how Mark described him.
dressed in a white robe: The young man was wearing a white robe. Use a general term for a long outer garment. See how you translated robe in 12:38c, where the same Greek word is used.
16:5c
sitting on the right side: The young man was sitting to the right of the women as they entered the tomb. You may need to make it clear that he was sitting inside the tomb. The text does not say what he was sitting on. If the verb sitting in your language requires that you say what he was sitting on, you could use a more general verb here. For example:
waiting there on their right side
16:5d
they were alarmed: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates here as alarmed indicates that the women were amazed and afraid.
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