bear child / give birth

The Hebrew, Ge’ez, and Greek that is translated as “bear (a child)” or “give birth to” is translated in Mairasi as “go to the forest,” reflecting the traditional place of childbirth for Mairasi women. (Source: Enggavoter 2004)

In Spanish it is translated as dar a luz, literally “to give to light.” Likewise, in Portuguese (dar à luz) and Italian (dare alla luce). (Source: Mark Terwilliger)

See also in childbirth / travail and birth.

Joseph

The term that is transliterated as “Joseph” in English is translated in American Sign Language with a sign that relates to a) the coat he wore (see Gen 37:3), b) the holding of his clothes by Potiphar’s wife (see Gen 39:12), and c) the many times Joseph experienced grief. (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)


“Joseph” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor

In Spanish Sign Language it is translated with a sign that signifies “dream,” referring to Jacob’s dream at Bethel (see Genesis 28:10 and the following verses). (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Joseph” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Joseph .

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

Rachel

The Hebrew that is transliterated as “Rachel” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that signifies the eyelashes, referring to “beautiful eyes” as the opposite of Leah (see Genesis 29:17). (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Rachel” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

See also Leah.

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Rachel .

Jacob

The Hebrew, Latin, Ge’ez, and Greek that is transliterated as “Jacob” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that signifies “lentil,” referring to the soup he gave his brother in exchange for his birthright (see Genesis 25:34). Note that another Spanish Sign Language sign for Jacob also users the sign for Jewish. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Jacob” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

In German Sign Language it is a sign that shows the touching of the hip, described in Genesis 32:25:


“Jacob” in German Sign Language (source: Taub und katholisch )

In Finnish Sign Language it is translated with the signs signifying “smooth arm” (referring to the story starting at Genesis 27:11). (Source: Tarja Sandholm)


“Jacob” in Finnish Sign Language (source )

In Hungarian Sign Language it is translated with a sign signifying Jacob grabbing the heel of Esau during their birth (referring to Genesis 25:26). (Source: Jenjelvi Biblia )


“Jacob” in Hungarian Sign Language (source )

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

See also Esau.

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Jacob .

complete verse (Genesis 30:25)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 30:25:

  • Kankanaey: “When it was finished that Jose was born, Jacob said to Laban, ‘OK-now, please give- me -permission so-that I-will-go-home to my country.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “After Joseph was born, Jacob said to Laban — ‘Please allow me to go. I will go to my own land.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “After Raquel gave-birth to Jose, Jacob said to Laban, ‘Allow me now to be-able-to-go-home to our (excl.) place.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “After Rachel had given birth to Joseph, Jacob said to Laban, ‘Now allow me to quit working for you and let me return to my own land.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Japanese benefactives (-sete)

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Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.

One way to do this is through the usage (or a lack) of an honorific prefix as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. When the referent is God, the “divine” honorific prefix mi- (御 or み) can be used, as in mi-kao (御顔) or “face (of God)” in the referenced verses.

(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )

Translation commentary on Genesis 30:25

Verse 25 serves as a transition that links 30.1-24 to the episode that follows. In many languages this transition will be adequately marked by such an introductory sentence as “After the birth of Joseph…” or “Some time after Joseph had been born….”

When Rachel had borne Joseph: while this transition gives an indication of the passing of time following the report of the birth of Jacob’s children, it does not actually state how much time had passed since Jacob began to work for Laban. As we discover later (see 31.41), this was now fourteen years; in fact it was when Jacob had completed his second period of seven years service in payment for his marriage to Rachel (see 29.30). It was the fact that the contract relating to the marriage had been completed, rather than the birth of Joseph, that made negotiating a new contract necessary. If necessary this may be made clear in the translation of verse 26. See, for example, the model translation given for the first part of that verse.

Send me away, that I may go …: Send me is the same request Abraham’s servant made to Laban and Bethuel in 24.54, a request for permission to leave. See there for comments. We may translate “Let me go,” “Allow me to return.” As von Rad points out, the request of Jacob is actually a request to be released from his status as a servant who is dependent on Laban. So in some languages an expression that means to release a person from service or obligation may be used appropriately here; for example, “Release me [literally, untie me] so that I may go back….”

To my own home and country: my own home is literally “my own place,” which refers to his family home that Jacob had left many years earlier. Country or land refers to Beersheba, from which Jacob had left to go to Haran. It is the land where Jacob had been born and raised.

Quoted with permission from Reyburn, William D. and Fry, Euan McG. A Handbook on Genesis. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1997. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .