The name that is transliterated as “Amon” in English is translated in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) with a sign that depicts forsaking God and blasphemy, because “he was evil in the sight of the Lord, as his father Manasseh had done” (2 Kings 21:20). (Source: Missão Kophós )
Some languages do not have a concept of kingship and therefore no immediate equivalent for the Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Latin that is translated as “king” in English. Here are some (back-) translations:
Ninia Yali: “big brother with the uplifted name” (source: Daud Soesilio in Noss 2007, p. 175)
Nyamwezi: mutemi: generic word for ruler, by specifying the city or nation it becomes clear what kind of ruler (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
Ghomála’: Fo (“The word Fo refers to the paramount ruler in the kingdoms of West Cameroon. He holds administrative, political, and religious power over his own people, who are divided into two categories: princes (descendants of royalty) and servants (everyone else).” (Source: Michel Kenmogne in Theologizing in Context: An Example from the Study of a Ghomala’ Christian Hymn))
Faye Edgerton retells how the term in Navajo (Dinė) was determined:
“[This term was] easily expressed in the language of Biblical culture, which had kings and noblemen with their brilliant trappings and their position of honor and praise. But leadership among the Navajos is not accompanied by any such titles or distinctions of dress. Those most respected, especially in earlier days, were their headmen, who were the leaders in raids, and the shaman, who was able to serve the people by appealing for them to the gods, or by exorcising evil spirits. Neither of these made any outward show. Neither held his position by political intrigue or heredity. If the headman failed consistently in raids, he was superceded by a better warrior. If the shaman failed many times in his healing ceremonies, it was considered that he was making mistakes in the chants, or had lost favor with the gods, and another was sought. The term Navajos use for headman is derived from a verb meaning ‘to move the head from side to side as in making an oration.’ The headman must be a good orator, able to move the people to go to war, or to follow him in any important decision. This word is naat’áanii which now means ‘one who rules or bosses.’ It is employed now for a foreman or boss of any kind of labor, as well as for the chairman of the tribal council. So in order to show that the king is not just a common boss but the highest ruler, the word ‘aláahgo, which expresses the superlative degree, was put before naat’áanii, and so ‘aláahgo naat’áanii ‘anyone-more-than-being around-he-moves-his-head-the-one-who’ means ‘the highest ruler.’ Naat’áanii was used for governor as the context usually shows that the person was a ruler of a country or associated with kings.”
But the people of the land slew all those who had conspired against King Amon: But correctly translates the common Hebrew conjunction because the story takes a somewhat unexpected turn at this point. Another appropriate connector is “however” (New Jerusalem Bible). The exact identity of the people of the land, used twice in this verse, is not clear. Scholars have proposed various suggestions, ranging from the lower social classes or the population in general to free landowners or a council of elders. The Good News Translation rendering “the people of Judah” seems to assume that the reference is to the population in general, and this interpretation is most likely correct. Moffatt similarly says “the nation.” Knox translates “the common folk.” See the comments on 2 Chr 23.13. The archaic verb slew is rightly translated “killed” in New Revised Standard Version.
And the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead: The Hebrew verb rendered made … king is a causative form of a root meaning “to be king” or “to become king.” See the comments on 2 Chr 1.8.
Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on 1-2 Chronicles, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2014. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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