Language-specific Insights

disgrace

The Hebrew in Daniel 9:16 that is translated as “disgrace” or something similar in English is translated into Pass Valley Yali as “to trample someone in the mud.”

gods

The Hebrew and Aramaic that is translated as “gods” in English is translated into Pass Valley Yali as “the good spirits (of the deceased one).” (Source: Daud Soesilo)

The Greek in 1 Corinthians is translated in Quetzaltepec Mixe similarly with a term that makes clear that these are good or bad spirits, not gods which can be compared to God. (Source: Robert Bascom)