Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Acts 1:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 1:18:

  • Uma: “(That Yudas bought land with the money which he received from his evil actions. On that land that he bought, he died falling, his stomach burst with the result that all the contents of his insides came out.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “(By the way, Sir Teopilus, Judas bought land hep with the money paid to him for his evil deed betraying Isa. When he had bought that land, he fell down there and he died. His abdomen burst and his intestines came out.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “(Now as for Judas, that which was paid him for his wickedness, he bought some land with it, and he fell forward and his stomach burst open and his intestines burst out.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This is what happened to Judas. The money that was paid-as-wage to him for the bad-thing that he did, he used-it-to-buy some land, and that’s where he went to kill himself. He fell-from-a-height and then his body burst and his innards came-out.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “(Well as for this Judas, that reward/bribe which he received for that evil which he did which is like he traded Jesus, it was used to buy a piece of land. And what happened to Judas was, he fell and his abdomen split open. What else but all the contents of his abdomen came out.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Isthmus Mixe: “That fellow obtained money because of his wickedness. Then he went to hang himself. Then his belly split open. All of his intestines come out. Then people bought land with the money.”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “He bought a piece of land. He paid for it with that money which they gave him for his sin. He fell on his face. His belly burst open and all his insides poured out.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “A field was bought with the money Jesus was sold with. When Judas fell to the ground face downward, his stomach burst open and his intestines came out.
  • Rincón Zapotec: “They (indefinite) bought a field with the pay of the evil that he did…” (Source for this and three above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 3:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 3:20:

  • Uma: “So relatives, repent from your sins and submit to the Lord God, so that he may forgive your sins. From there, the Lord God will strengthen your hearts and he will order Yesus to come to us. Because he is the one whom God decided upon from-the-start to become our Redeemer King.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then times of encouraging your livers will be coming/arriving from God, and he will send back into the world Isa, he is Almasi the one chosen to rule over you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And he will send here to us Jesus, who is the one he chose to rule over us.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because if you do that, God will cause-to-arrive a time of calming and strengthening of the mind/thoughts, and furthermore he will again send Jesus the Messiah whom he appointed previously to rule over us.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Provided you will do this, God will give you far-from-ordinary happiness and peace/protection of your mind/inner-being. And also, the day will come when he will again cause Jesu-Cristo to descend, that Savior whom God ordained to reign over us.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Chuj: “God will send again Jesus the second time because God has given remaining Christ’s office to be your savior.
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “Then he will send again Jesus, the one who is Christ, who was set apart for you since former times.
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “Then God will send Jesus Christ again. God chose him in order to save you from your sins.”
  • Rincón Zapotec: “God will send again Jesus, the Christ whom he designated since before to be your ruler.”
  • Tataltepec Chatino: “Then God will give orders to Jesus to come back again, Jesus whom God chose to be your boss.” (Source for this and three above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (James 3:13)

Following are a number of back-translations of James 3:13:

  • Uma: “If there is in our midst a person whose thinking is good and whose heart is clear [i.e., aware, mature, wise], he must show his clearness of heart with his good behavior and with his character that appears from a humble [low] heart, like is fitting for people whose hearts are clear.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If there is a person among you who has deep thoughts/wisdom and really understands, he should show his knowledge in his good works. And his liver should be lowly/humble for like that is a person whose thoughts/wisdom is truly deep.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Any of you who are wise and have large understanding, he must show it by means of his good works. He must not consider himself high as he shows his wisdom by means of his good workds.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “If there is someone among you who is thinking/reflective and understanding, he should show his kind-of-wisdom in his good behavior/character and in his humbling (lit. lowering) himself in his doing what is good.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well who of you is knowledgeable and perceptive/understanding? It’s necessary that you prove it through your good nature/ways, and through the good things you are doing with meekness/patience which accompanies true understanding/wisdom.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When there arises one who is wise, who thinks on the words he hears, it will be seen who such a person is because he does good. He does what he knows and is not arrogant in what he does.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Central Mazahua: “When anyone of you knows what is good to do and knows how, he will be careful how he will live and he will not make himself great. In that way people will notice that truly that one knows.”
  • Rincón Zapotec: “If there is among you a man who has great ability and he understands exceedingly, with complete humility he ought to show that he is thus by means of the good things he is doing.”
  • Alekano: ” . . . if he remains humble and does good things, he will demonstrate the substance of his wisdom.” (Source for this and two above: Ellis Deibler in Notes on Translation July, 1967, p. 5ff.)

complete verse (James 3:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of James 3:18:

  • Uma: “People who like harmony and seek harmony, their behavior follows God’s will.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Whoever is a person who reconciles/causes-to-be-good his companions he is figuratively like a farmer/person-habitually-planting. What he figuratively plants is his deeds that please his fellow-men. He does not quarrel and his conduct towards his companions is good. The outcome/result of that what he planted is straight/righteous deeds.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Peace is like a seed. Those who settle conflicts plant it, and righteous activities are the harvest it brings.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Those who get-along-together while at-the-same-time they stop-from-quarrelling their fellows who are quarrelling, it’s as if they plant peace and orderliness, and when that-aforementioned which they have planted grows, its fruit is a righteous way-of-life.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And as for those who can make a way which can cause reconciliation, when they persevere for the good being-friends of their fellowman, righteousness is the result of it.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “He earnestly tries to make peace with those who want to argue with him, then they can live good lives afterwards.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Rincón Zapotec “And those who endeavor to set in quietness the things that happen, they live peaceably in order that all of them may be righteous.”
  • Yatzachi Zapotec: “If we make peace among our companions, then we will be at peace and will continually do good.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “And when we considerately reconcile our fellow men, it is as if we sowed seed that multiplies well more deeds that are good.” (Source for this and two above: Ellis Deibler in Notes on Translation July, 1967, p. 5ff.)