Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Romans 11:29)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:29:

  • Uma: “For if God chooses and blesses a person/people, he does not retract that blessing of his.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because as for God, if there is a person he has chosen and who is blessed by him, he really does not change (it).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because what God decides does not change back and forth, but rather the people whom He chooses, they are also the ones He blesses with good.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because it’s not possible for God to change his mind concerning whom he has called and the blessings he has given.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “God never changes his mind. All those whom he called, always will he love them and bless them.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 12:55)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:55:

  • Noongar: “And when the south wind blows, you say, ‘Today will be hot’, and the day becomes hot.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “If the wind blows from the south, you say there will be a drought, and it is definitely thus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And when the south wind blows, you say, the sun/day will be hot, and finally it will be hot.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when the wind blows, coming from the south, then you say, ‘It’s really going to be hot today.’ And it really is hot.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “If you know also that the wind is coming from the south, you say, ‘It will probably get-extremely -hot,’ and it becomes-true.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then if a wind blows from the south, you say it will get hot. Well, it truly will get hot.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 17:17)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 17:17:

  • Uma: “But what they do is definitely the intention of God beforehand. Because God is the one who moved the hearts of those kings so that they accomplish [lit., cause-to-walk] his intentions. That is why those kings were of one mind/heart to offer their authority to rule to the animal, until what God foretold really happened.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The reason that they do this is because they have-been-given-the-thought by God to do his wish. It is because of God’s will that they agree to give their authority to the creature until all that God said will be fulfilled.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The reason they will do this is because God has made them want to fulfill the purpose of God. Because of this they will be able to think of only one thing, and so they will give to the beast their power to rule until the prophetic words of God are fulfilled.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “That woman whom you (sing.) saw, it is the large city which rules-over all kings on the earth. These-things have happened to her, because it is God who directed their minds to fulfill his purposes. That is the reason they turned-over to the fearsome animal their authority to rule until all that God said would be fulfilled.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For God put in the minds of those ten that they would fulfill what he had determined, for they will be of-one-mind and put their authority and means/ability under the control of this animal until the things which were spoken by God be fulfilled.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “These ten rulers who agreed to give over to the terrible animal their power, it is God who caused that thus they did in order that there will happen what God has determined to happen.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 13:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 13:4:

  • Uma: “For the government / governing-ones are the servants of God that work in order that our lives are good. But if we are disorderly, we will certainly be afraid of the government, because they do [emphatic] have power to punish. For those governing-ones are the servants of God that fulfill/cause-to-come-about the punishment of God on evil people.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because these ones are the servants of God placed by him for your good. But if you do bad, it is fitting/right (matches) that you fear, because they have authority from God to punish you. They were commanded by God to punish everyone who does bad.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for that person who enforces the law, he is a servant of God so that our (incl.) situation might be good. And if our (incl.) behavior is evil, we really should be afraid, because it’s possible that his punishment will be heavy. He is a servant of God and he is carrying out what God wants when he punishes law-breakers.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because they are God’s servants for your benefit. But if what you do is evil, you should be afraid, because they of course can use their authority to punish. Because they are God’s servants whom he uses-to-punish those who do evil.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because the authorities do the work of God in order to help you. But if you do evil, then fear the authority. Then he can punish you. Because he is doing the work of God to punish the people who do evil.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 13:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 13:28:

  • Noongar: “‘You will cry and bite your teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets sitting there in the Kingdom of God but you are thrown out.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “‘At that time, you will cry and suffer, because you see Abraham, Ishak and Yakub with all the prophets, sitting happily in the Kingdom of God, whereas you are shut on the outside.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then you will wail there and you will gnash your teeth when you see there inside your forefathers Prophet Ibrahim and Isahak and Yakub and all the prophets but you are just outside.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then,’ said Jesus, ‘You will wail loudly and you will grind your teeth because you feel so badly, because you’ve not been included among those whom God will rule over. And inside you will see your ancestor long ago, Abraham, and his son Isaac, and his grandchild Jacob, and also all of the prophets of God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When they see Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets who have been included in the ruling of God, they will excessively cry-bitterly while-simultaneously they will gnash-their -teeth in their anger, because as for them, they will be thrown-away.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “It’s certain that you will cry and your teeth will grind when you see that there in the kingdom of God are Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and all the prophets, but as for you, you will be driven-out/away for you really won’t be allowed to enter.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 19:7)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 19:7:

  • Uma: “Come let us sing glad-glad, praising the bigness of his life. Because the Day of the Wedding of the Lamb has come. [‘Wedding’ is the name of Uma marriage ceremony, in which the bridegroom officially comes up into to the bride’s house; it is derived from the verb "to come up."] His betrothed is quiet/calm [i.e., ready]for him to wed [lit., "come-up-to"; see note above].” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “We (incl.) should be glad and we (incl.) should be very happy. We (incl.) should praise God because of his great power because the day of the wedding of the one called the Sheep has come. And the bride, that means the people belonging to Isa, is already dressed and beautified (lit. made good/nice).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Let us greatly rejoice and let us praise Him because of His great power. This is now the time for the wedding of the young sheep. The one whom the sheep will marry has already been dressed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Let us be happy and praise his greatness, because now/today is the wedding of the Sheep. The one also who will marry him, she is already-prepared,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “That’s why we will be happy with great happiness and we will praise the strength of his supernatural-power. For it has now arrived when this one referred to as Young Sheep will as-it-were marry. That one whom it’s like he will be marry has gotten herself ready.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Let us rejoice, there be for us joy in praising God. For now has arrived the hour for the Lamb to be married. Concerning the woman he will go with, she has now prepared to go with him.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 14:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 14:22:

  • Uma: “If we believe that that behavior of ours is not wrong, we can hold in our heart that belief of ours in front of God. We are blessed, relatives, if we do what we say is good in our own hearts, and our hearts do not criticize us.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Whatever you (pl.) believe about this, it should only be you (pl.) and God who are the ones who know it. Whoever does not doubt but he is sure that his doing hits-the-mark/is right, that person is really/very glad/joyful.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And whatever you believe about this, don’t let any of your companions know because God is the one who is in charge of you. How far better off is the person whose breath does not rebuke him for his behavior.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Whatever each one believes concerning this, it would be best not to tell it to his companions but rather he should count it as something for only him and God to know (lit. his and God’s seed). Fortunate is the person whose conscience doesn’t accuse him because of what he has decided is the right thing for him to do.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “You must not argue with your brothers about what you eat. You believe that all is good to eat, and God knows what you are doing. Now the good fortune is encountered by the believer who knows well in his heart that he is doing what is good and does not think that it is sinful concerning what he does.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 14:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 14:25:

  • Noongar: “One day, many people were walking together with Jesus. He turned and said to them,” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Many people followed Yesus on his journey. Yesus turned to those people and he said to them:” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa continued on his journey and really very many people followed him. Then he faced them and he said,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And one day at that time, while Jesus was walking along, there were many people who were with him. And he turned to them and said,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “On one-occasion, many people were following Jesus. He turned-to-face them and said,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well since very many people were-following-Jesus -around, he faced them and spoke, saying,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)