Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Revelation 12:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 12:2:

  • Uma: “That woman was pregnant, and the time came for her to give birth. She groaned/suffered due to [lit., carried by] the pain about to give-birth.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “That woman was about to give birth and she was in pain therefore she cried out.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “She was pregnant and giving birth, and she was crying out with birth pangs.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “She was about-to-give-birth, so she called-out-in-pain because of the pain of her stomach.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “That woman was pregnant and in labor. She was being noisy because of the pain of the contractions.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “This woman carried a child and she cried out because she suffered from birth pains.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 9:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 9:15:

  • Uma: “Just remember the words of God to the prophet Musa long ago that say: ‘I myself am the one that decides whom I will show my love to and whom I will love.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But/instead God is the one who rules whom he chooses (and) makes his people. He said/says to Musa, ‘I am the one who rules/governs whom I will pity/have mercy on. I am the one who rules as to whom I will have compassion for (lit. emotionally-stirred liver).'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because God said long ago to Moses, ‘I am the one who will say who I will have pity on and who will be precious in my breath,’ He said.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “God had the authority to do that, because God said to Moses, ‘I will show-mercy to whom I want to show-mercy.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “God said to Moses: ‘Whoever I determine to pity, that one I will pity and be kind to him.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

For the Old Testament quote, see Exodus 33:19.

complete verse (Luke 11:41)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 11:41:

  • Noongar: “But take the food and drink and give it to the poor people. Then all will become clean the way the Law says.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “What is in your cups and plates give to those whose lives are pitiful. If your behavior is like that, all is holy for you.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But give to the poor the things in your cups and plates then everything will be clean to you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now according to what you are able to do, give to the poor and then it will be possible that you’ll be thoroughly clean.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore what you should do first is to make-good your minds so that you will share what you have with the poor. Because if you do that, you will be completely clean.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore instead of the habit of money-grabbing, give freely with a happy mind to those who are poor. Well, what will become of that is that you are like truly clean now.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 13:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 13:16:

  • Uma: “And he ordered that all people must receive the sign of the first animal. That sign must be put on their right hand or their forehead. So, all people–the important or the unimportant, the rich or the poor, who live as slaves or those who live as nobles–he forced them all to receive the sign of that animal.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “He forced all people, whether their status was high or low, rich or poor, slaves or not. They all were forced to be marked on their right hand or on their foreheads.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And all people, great or not great, rich or not rich, slave or not slave, he forced them to be marked on the right hand, and if not, then on their foreheads.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The second animal also forced all people to be marked on their right hand or their forehead. Even the high-status people and the low, the rich and the poor, the slaves and not slaves, he forced them to be marked.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then that monster forced all the people, high and low-class, rich and beggars, slaves and not. They were forced to have themselves marked on their right hand/arm or forehead.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The terrible animal forced all the people to be marked on their right hands or on their foreheads. All were marked, little and big, rich and poor, those who had bosses and those who do not have bosses, all were marked.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 10:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 10:14:

  • Uma: “Yet how can they call-out to the Lord if they have not yet believed? And neither can/does anyone believe if they have not yet heard the Good News. And nor can they hear the Good News if no one announces it to them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “How can they ask Isa Almasi to be saved/rescued if/when they do not yet trust him? And how can they trust him if/when they have not yet heard of the good news about him? How can they hear about him if/when there is no one to go and tell them?” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, it’s not possible that people call on our Lord Jesus Christ for help if they have not believed in Him. And it’s also not possible that people believe in our Lord who haven’t been told about Him. And the news cannot reach them if somebody doesn’t tell it to them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But how perhaps can they ask-him -for-mercy if they haven’t believed? And how can they believe in him if they haven’t heard concerning him? How also can they hear if no one preaches-it to them?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “So now however, can someone call to Christ if they do not believe in him? And how can someone believe in him if they do not hear about the word? And how will the people hear the word if no one tells them about the word?” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 12:19)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:19:

  • Noongar: “Then I can say, ‘You happy man! You own all the good things, everything you desire for many years. Sit, eat and drink, and life will become happy!”” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “After that, I will no longer work, for my stored-things will be many, enough for me to use for several years. Thus, I can just sit-around-in-the-house, eat, drink and continually have-fun!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then I will say to myself, I have really been lucky. I have been able to store up much for many years in the future. I will rest now. I will eat and drink and have fun.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then, since I really now have everything nice, I will no longer work, because I have come to own everything that I will need for many years. Therefore I will just relax and eat well, and drink, and have a good time,’ he said.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then I will say to myself, ‘I am a fortunate (appreciation particle) person! These good-things that I have stored-away will suffice for how many years. I will take-life -easy! I will eat-and-eat, drink-and-drink, and enjoy-myself and that’s all!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then I will just sit around (lit. cause-my-leg-to-swing), for I will say, I will never lack anything for however many years. I’ll just be getting up to eat, drink and enjoy-myself.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 16:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 16:2:

  • Uma: “[So] the first angel went, spilling the contents of his bowl on the world. Suddenly there appeared sores that were frightening and disgusting on the people who had the sign of the evil animal and on the people who worshipped his idol.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So then one of the angels went and poured out the disaster in his bowl onto the earth. When he poured it, immediately boils grew on those people who had the mark of the creature and who had worshiped its statue. Their boils were very bad and very painful.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then the first angel poured out his bowl on the earth. Then the people who had let themselves be marked by the mark of the beast and had worshipped the image of the beast, stinking and painful ulcers erupted on them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “So the first angel went to go pour-out the contents of his bowl on the earth. And the people who were marked with the mark of the fearsome animal and who had worshipped the animal-image that was his likeness, they were afflicted-with-boils with fearful and large boils (not redundant in RL).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore the first angel went, and he poured out here in the world the contents of the bowl he was holding. Well when he had poured it, those people who had caused themselves to be marked with the brand of that monster and had worshipped his image, they were now caused to have throbbing and filthy sores.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The first angel then poured out the bowl he was holding upon the earth. Then all the people who had the mark of the terrible animal or who had worshipped his idol got awful sores which pained very much.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 11:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:25:

  • Uma: “My one-faith relatives! I want to say to you what the purpose of God is that men did not know from of old. I say this to you so your hearts will not be proud [high]. So that you know: some of the Israel people are stubborn [lit., have hard hearts] at this time. But their stubbornness is only for a while, until the amount of people who are not Jews who believe in Yesus is complete.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “My brothers who trust Isa Almasi, I have something to tell you so that you will not be proud (lit. high liver) and boast that you are better than the Yahudi. There is a true teaching I want to tell you about which has not been known until today. This is my telling/news. It is true that most of the people of Isra’il are not willing to believe, but I tell you that their not believing will not remain. When the number of the people not Yahudi who follow God is complete, then the Yahudi will believe and go-back to God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It’s my desire, brothers, that you understand what God is doing, that mankind long ago did not understand. The reason I am explaining this to you is so that you may not think that you are greater than the Jews. In spite of the fact that God permitted some of the Jews to not believe, there’s time in the future when they will abandon their unbelief in God because this will last until the time when all of the people who aren’t Jews will believe whom God has determined that they will believe.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “My brothers, there is something that was not made-known previously that I want you to understand so you don’t become proud thinking that your knowledge is advanced (lit. high). What I am making-known is that the refusal of the rest of the Jews to believe in Cristo will not be-continued forever, but rather it will be continued only until the number of Gentiles who will be saved becomes-complete/correct.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Listen my brothers, concerning this word which is not known about, I want that you now know well how it is. Because I do not want that you think that you are greater than the Jews. Truly many of the Jews do not want to believe in Christ. But they will believe when there arrives the day when a very great number of the people who are not Jews will have believed the message.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)