Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Luke 23:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 23:20:

  • Noongar: “Pilate wanted to release Jesus, so then he asked all the people.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “So, because Pilatus wanted to release Yesus, that is why he again spoke to the people.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Pilatus wanted to let Isa free therefore he called again to the people.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for Pilate, he wanted to turn Jesus loose, and again he asked the people what they wanted,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Pilato wanted to release Jesus, so he spoke again with the many-people,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Undeterred, Pilato spoke again causing them to listen, for what really was in his mind was that he wanted to free Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 4:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 4:21:

  • Uma: “After that, Yesus continued his journey, he also saw two siblings: Yakobus and Yohanes, the children of Zebedeus. They were fixing their nets in the boat with their father. Yesus called them to become his followers.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa went on/continued on his way. He also/again saw two siblings Yakub and Yahiya, the sons of Sebede. They were together with their father in a boat fixing their nets. Isa called them and told them to come along.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “They went along there and Jesus met two different persons, brothers also, James and John the sons of Zebedee. They were in a boat with their father for they were repairing their nets. Jesus called to them,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “As they were then walking along the edge of the lake, Jesus saw another sibling-pair, Santiago and Juan and their father Zebedeo. They were riding in their boat preparing their nets. Jesus called those siblings,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “As Jesus continued walking, he also came upon the two brothers Santiago and Juan. They were the sons of Zebedeo. They were fixing their trawl-net there in the boat, along with their father. They also were called by Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Going on a bit farther, again he saw two people who were brothers. They were James and John, the sons of Zebedee. They were together with their father in a boat fixing their nets. Jesus told them to go with him.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Corinthians 14:33)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 14:33:

  • Uma: “For God’s will is that our services be orderly, he doesn’t like things/people that are chaotic. That is the law that is followed in all the services of the Kristen people in every village.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “God does not want that it is troubled/noisy in our (incl.) gatherings, but he wants that we (incl.) live in harmony. And that is the custom in the gatherings of the ones trusting in Isa Almasi in all the places,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because God does not want you to all speak at the same time when you gather together to worship him. For what he inspires you to do is not confusion, but rather it is peaceful activity.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because what God wants/likes is not what-is-disorderly but rather what is orderly/harmonious. Women ought to be quiet when you meet-as-a-congregation as they also do in the other congregations of God’s people. It is not permitted that they speak but rather they must submit-themselves to (lit. cause-themselves-to-be-ruled-by) the men just like it is written in God’s law.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because as for God, he does not plan/determine trouble/confusion but rather peacefulness and orderliness.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because God does not want that all the people should be speaking at once. Do like the believers in the other cities do.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Burmese (translation by A. Judson, first publ. in 1823, still the most widely-used translation in Myanmar): “God does not nurture a work of confusion. As happened in all the churches of the saints, [He] nurtures harmonious peace.” (Source: Hluan 2022, p. 78ff. — see there also for a detailed analysis of Judson’s translation.)

complete verse (Luke 23:52)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 23:52:

  • Noongar: “He went before Pilate and requested Jesus’ body.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Yusuf went to Governor Pilatus asking for the body of Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “This Yusup went to Pilatus and asked for the corpse of Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for this Joseph, he went to Pilate and he begged him that he might get the body of Jesus, and Pilate allowed him to.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This Jose, he went to Pilato to request the corpse of Jesus.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He went to Pilato to ask for the body of Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 5:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:28:

  • Uma: “But I say: whoever looks at a woman and he has a heart desiring her, he commits adultery in his heart.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But I, I say: whoever looks at a woman and thinks bad, he has already committed adultery with that woman in his liver.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But my teaching is that a man who just looks at a woman and is sexually aroused, that man has already committed adultery against his wife.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But I say to you that the one who looks at a woman to crave her has already committed-adultery with her in his mind.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But now/today, I am the one saying to you that whoever stares at a woman with a motive in his mind, it’s like he has already acted-immorally.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But I tell you that whoever looks at a woman and it comes to his heart that he wants to fornicate with her, it comes out that it is the same that he had truly fornicated with the woman he looked at.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Corinthians 15:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 15:25:

  • Uma: “For Kristus must rule as King until God causes all his enemies to submit to him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because God has ordained that Almasi still rules until all his enemies will be defeated by him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But before that happens, it is necessary that Christ will rule for a while till the time when He will completely defeat His enemies.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “After that will arrive the last period-of-time in which Cristo will defeat all his enemies who have authority or power to rule. Because Cristo must rule until he defeats all his enemies, then he will turn-over to God the Father his authority to rule.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because God has determined that Cristo will rule until he thoroughly causes-all his enemies -to-surrender.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because Christ must be the ruler until when God causes that all the enemies of Christ are defeated.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 24:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 24:28:

  • Noongar: “They came close to their home, but Jesus started walking away.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “When the town they were going-towards was close, Yesus pretended to/acted-as-if he would go on.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When they were close to the village they were going to, Isa pretended as if he was proceeding,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when they arrived there, in the town they were going to, it was as if Jesus would continue;” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “As they were approaching the town to which they were going, Jesus continued walking,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The barrio where they were going was then reached. As for Jesus, it’s like he would now go-his-own-way for he would continue on.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 6:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 6:12:

  • Uma: “Forgive our wrongs, like we also forgive the wrongs of our companions,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Forgive our sins as we also forgive those who sin against us.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Forgive us our sins like our forgiving the one who sins against us.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Forgive our (excl.) sins, because we (excl.) also have forgiven those who sinned against us (excl.).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Forgive, too, our sins, the same as we do as we forgive those who sin against us.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “And forgive our sins, like we also forgive those who do bad to us.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Chichewa (interconfessional translation, 1999): “Forgive us our sins, even as we ourselves forgive those who wrong us.” (Source: Wendland 1998, p. 157)
  • Martu Wangka: “When another person does wrong to me, I should not in return do wrong to them — I should go and talk about being reconciled together. When I talk like that, to that person, then following that, I am asking you, you throw out my badness.” (Source: Carl Gross)
  • Gonja “And lend/loan us our sins as we also have lent/loaned those who offended us.” (Source: Alexander Akaninga / Jonathan E.T. Kuwornu-Adjaottor / Amutanga Akaninga in Journal of Mother-Tongue Biblical Hermeneutics and Theology (MOTBIT) 6/3 2024, p. 35ff. )

See also forgiveness.