Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Revelation 14:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 14:8:

  • Uma: “From there, there was a second angel following the first angel, he said: ‘Destroyed! Destroyed is the very big village of Babel! The Babel people encouraged people all over the world to drink intoxicating drinks. Its meaning, the Babel people encouraged others to follow their inappropriate deeds.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then there was another/a different angel following the first one, saying, ‘Destroyed, really destroyed is the famous city of Babilon. She is like a bad woman (prostitute). She gave all people strong juice of grapes to drink so that she could influence them to sin.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There was also a second angel who followed the first one, and he said, ‘Now it is destroyed! The city of Babylon is very much destroyed! She made all mankind drunk with her wine, which is to say, very ugly behavior is what she taught to all mankind for she taught them to worship idols!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There was a second angel who followed saying, ‘Destroyed! The famous (lit. newsed) city Babilonia has been destroyed, because the residents there, they have made-drunk the people of all nations with their strong alcoholic-beverage, meaning to say, they have persuaded them to follow their filthy behavior which leads to their punishment.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then there followed a second angel. That one also spoke calling out, saying, ‘Destroyed all right! Babilonia is now really destroyed, that famous city. For that city is like a woman who caused all nations to drink really strong drink(alcoholic) so that they would behave immorally with her unrestrainedly.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Another angel came after that one. He said: ‘It is finished off. It is finished, the city of Babylon. Because the people of Babylon showed the road of evil for the people who live over the earth to do. They follow the evil done by the people of Babylon.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Gbaya: “… It is she who caused all peoples to drink beer over the huge little thing [this is a word play in Gbaya] of her adultery.” (Source: Philip Noss)

complete verse (Romans 11:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:3:

  • Uma: “‘Lord, they have murdered your (sing.) prophets and they have also torn-down our (excl.) sacrifice burning rocks to the Lord. I am the only one alive, but they are also searching for me wanting to kill me!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Eliyas said, ‘God, they have killed your prophets. The places-where-we-(excl.)-sacrifice to you are torn down by them. I am the only prophet who is left and they want to kill me also.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘Hey Lord — they have killed your prophets and they have torn down the altars of sacrifice where you are worshipped. And I alone am left to worship you, and they also want to kill me.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Lord, they have killed the prophets that you (sing.) repeatedly-sent. They have also demolished all the places-where-people -offer animals to you (sing.). I only am left, and even I, they are looking-for-me to kill-me.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “‘Listen my God, the Jews have now killed your prophets and now have torn down your altar where the people worship you. Now only I am alive to worship you. But also the people want to kill me,’ said Elijah.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

For the Old Testament quote, see 1 Kings 19:10 and 1 Kings 19:14.

complete verse (Luke 12:29)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:29:

  • Noongar: “‘So don’t be sad, always worrying about the things you will eat or drink.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “So do not be extremely busy considering what you will eat or what you will drink. Do not be afraid.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Don’t be sad/troubled/worried and don’t always think about as to what you should eat or drink.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Don’t you worry; don’t permit your thinking to be about what you’re going to eat and what you’re going to drink,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore what you eat and drink, it’s not that which should monopolize your thoughts and about which you should worry,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore as for you, don’t agitate your mind/thinking about food or drink and put far away the habit of always worrying.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 16:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 16:12:

  • Uma: “After that, the sixth angel spilled the contents of his bowl into the big water/river that is called Efrat river. That river dried up, with the result that there was a road/way that the kings from the east found, to come and wage-war.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After this, the sixth angel poured out the disaster in his bowl into the big river called Alpurati. Immediately that river dried up, it was made a road prepared for the kings from the countries towards the east.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great water named Euphrates, and that water then dried up to prepare the way for the kings who will come from the east.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then the sixth angel went and poured-out the contents of his bowl on the large river Eufrates, and the water dried-up so that a pathway would be prepared for the kings and their soldiers who would-come-from the east (lit. coming-out of the sun).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then the sixth angel also poured out the contents of his bowl. Where he poured was there on the Eufrates which is a big river. Without anything further, that river dried up so that the traveling would be direct of the kings in/from the east and their soldiers when they came to attack.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The sixth angel then poured out the bowl he was holding upon the river Euphrates. Then the river dried up so that it would be crossed by the armies of the kings who would come, coming from where the sun rises.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 11:35)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:35:

  • Uma: “‘Who gives him anything, with the result that they can request repayment!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “It is not possible that we (dual) give something to him so that he has a debt to us (dual).'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He never lacks anything and it’s not possible that we can give Him anything which becomes His debt to us.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Neither has anyone given him even anything so that he would have a debt.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “God is not a debtor that a person can say that God owes him for something he has given him.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 13:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 13:2:

  • Noongar: “Jesus asked them, ‘What do you say? Those Galileean people, Herod killed them there. You say this happened because they were sinning much more than other Galileeans, do you? You think that, do you?” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Answering that word/speech, Yesus said: ‘Do you really think thus, that the deaths of those Galilea people were like that, because their sins were greater than all the other Galilea people?” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa answered them, he said, ‘Do you think-mistakenly that those people had more/greater sins than all the people in Jalil because that happened to them?” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus said to them, ‘Perhaps you are thinking mistakenly that those Galilee people are greater sinners than their other companions from Galilee, and because of this, God permitted that they be killed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus said, ‘You probably think that the manner-of-death of those from-Galilea-folks shows that their sin was heavier than (that of) all their companions from-Galilea.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When Jesus heard, he said to them, ‘Probably in your mind is that those taga Galilea were more sinful than their fellow countrymen, that’s why like that happened to them.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 18:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 18:5:

  • Uma: “Because their sins are very great, heaped up to the sky. And now God will demand payment for all their sins.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because the pile of her sins reaches up to the sky. God does not forget any of her bad doings.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “If her sins were piled up, they would strike heaven since they are so many. And God has not forgotten her very wicked customs.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because her sins are many as if they are stacked up to heaven, and God doesn’t forget the evil that she has done.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because really as for her sin, it has extended right up to heaven/sky (fig.). These evils of hers will really not be ignored by God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because concerning the sings they commit, they have multitudes, they pile up arriving as high as heaven. But God will not continue to endure the evil done by the people.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 13:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 13:10:

  • Uma: “If we love our companion, we will of course not do evil to our companion. So if we are loving, we fill-up/fulfill the Lord’s Law.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because if we (dual) really love our (dual) fellow-(men) we (dual) will really not do bad to him. Therefore if we (dual) love our (dual) fellow-(men) we (dual) (happen to) obey/follow all the commandments of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because if we hold our companions dear, then we cannot do harm to them, and we have already obeyed in this, all of the Law.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because if we love our companions, we will do them absolutely no evil, so we will thus obey all God’s commands.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because the person who loves his fellowman will not do any evil to him. Therefore the person who loves his fellow man may be said to know well the law because that which the law says to do is just what he is doing.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)