Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 2:6:
Uma: “He gave himself to be killed to redeem all mankind. He did that at the time that God set, so that we clearly see the desire of God that all mankind be lifted from the punishment of their sins.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “He yielded/surrendered his life and substituted himself so that God does not punish human-beings/mankind because of their sins. So then because Isa Almasi died on the day arranged by God therefore we (dual) are really assured that God wants all human-beings/mankind to be saved and go to heaven.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He laid His life crosswise and allowed Himself to be killed so that He might redeem all people. And by means of this, at the proper time, He showed that it was God’s will that all mankind be freed from punishment.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “who gave himself/his body to redeem all people. That was done at the right time that God chose, and that’s when/how-he-showed that he wants all people to be saved.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “As for him, he caused his life/breath to be severed, and thereby he took-the-punishment for the sins of all people. That, that saving which he did, is what testifies at the determined time, that God really wants that people might be saved.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “Jesus Christ let himself be killed in order to pay for the sins of all people. When the day arrived for this word to appear, then it was seen very well that God wants that all people be saved.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 3:1:
Uma: “One day, Petrus and Yohanes went to the House of God at the Yahudi time of prayer, three o’clock in the afternoon.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “One day Petros and Yahiya went to the temple/big prayer-house at the time of-the-afternoon-prayers.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “At that time Peter and John went together going up to the House of God, because it was the hour of praying because the sun had gone half-way down.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “On one-occasion, Pedro and Juan went to the Temple at three o’clock in the afternoon, because that was the time (lit. hour) when-the Jews -prayed.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “One afternoon when the sun was far passed its zenith (i.e. about 3 pm), Pedro and Juan went again to the Templo, for it was again the hour of prayer there.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Teutila Cuicatec: “One day at three o’clock in the afternoon, the hour that people would pray, Peter and John went to the big church.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:12:
Uma: “That lame one really got up, he rolled up his mat and he left walking, witnessed by those many people. Then those many people saw what happened, they were all surprised, and they praised God, they said: ‘We have never seen anything like what just happened!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then the sick man got up and immediately took his bed and went outside before the eyes/in sight of all. All the people were amazed. They praised God, they said, ‘We (incl.) have never seen anything like this.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then that person got up, picked up his hammock, and went out of the house. And all the people saw this. And the people, when they had seen this, they were very amazed and they gave thanks to God. They said, ‘We have never seen anything like this!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Then that-one got-up, picked-right-up the stretcher that he had been lying on, and went-out in the sight of them all. And all those who were there were surprised while-simultaneously they also praised God saying, ‘Ana! (equiv. to Wow!) We have never seen anything like this!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Without anything further, that person stood up, picked up what he was lying on and then went, everybody watching. They were all amazed and praised God, for they said, ‘We (incl.) really haven’t observed anything like this before!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Kim text for oral translation: “At the same time, the person got up, took his bed, went out in the view of everyone. The thing astonished the people, they all praised God and said: ‘We have not seen a similar thing done one day on earth!'” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “The man got up. Without delay, he grabbed the pallet and left — right in front of everyone. The effect was that everyone was overcome with amazement. And they gave glory to God, saying, ‘We have never seen anything like this.'”
Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 4:7:
Uma: “Don’t throw away your time investigating false/lying stories and words that do not cause [lit., carry] us to submit to God. Exert-effort to strengthen your heart to submit to God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “But don’t heed/pay-attention-to the stories they say are influencing people towards God but do not. Those stories are really of no value. But cause your thinking to become accustomed to always thinking of the true teaching so that you can indeed follow the wishes of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, avoid teachings which are false histories and which are not worthy of God. Carefully carry out what God wants.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Turn-a-deaf-ear-to (lit. object focus of deaf) those tales of long ago that have no purpose, because they are not about the true God, and accustom-yourself (sing.) to learn and follow a holy way-of-life.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Don’t occupy yourself with stories which are only of human origin and have no usefulness/gain. Rather, what you are to be always striving for is, be strengthening your following/obeying the will of God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “But concerning the made-up stories which are not God’s word, do not pay attention to them, for they do not have any value. Seek how your faith will be well firmed.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:7:
Uma: “[When] they were all there, they commanded for Petrus and Yohanes to be carried here in front of them. When they arrived there, those judges [sitters] asked, asking Petrus and Yohanes, they said: ‘From where is your power to heal that lame person? Who gave you that power?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then they commanded Petros and Yahiya to be brought to them. They questioned them, they said, ‘How did you do that? What power or whose name did you (pl.) use?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they brought before them Peter and John, and they asked them, ‘What is this power that was used to heal this person who couldn’t walk? And who gave you this power?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “They had-Pedro and Juan -stand before them, and they investigated them saying, ‘Where did your power to heal this lame-one come from? Whose name did you use?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When they had gathered, they caused those two apostles to stand in their presence and then questioned them. They said, ‘What is this knowledge/acquired-skill by which you were able to make well that lame person? Who gave you this skill?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Teutila Cuicatec: “Then they ordered Peter and John to be brought and placed before them. They asked them, ‘what authority do you have? Who commanded you to do these different things?'” Tataltepec Chatino: “They went to get out Peter and John to judge them before the authorities. Those elders asked them: ‘How did you cure this lame man?’ they said. ‘Who gave you permission to cure?'” (Source for this and one above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 3:16:
Uma: “These are the names of those twelve: Simon (Yesus named him Petrus); Yakobus child of Zebedeus; and Yohanes the relative of Yakobus (Yesus named them Boanerges–its meaning: people who are like thunder); after that, Andreas; Filipus; Bartolomeus; Matius; Tomas; Yakobus child of Alfeus; Tadeus; Simon the Zelot-person; and Yudas Iskariot (he’s the one who will sell Yesus to hisenemies.)” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “These are the twelve he chose: Simon, called also Petros,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “These are the names of the twelve people whom Jesus chose: Simon whom he titled Peter, and James the son of Zebedee, and John the younger brother of James. These two he entitled Boanerges, which is to say, impulsive people. He also chose Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddeaus. And he also chose Simon, one member of the former organization called Canaanista. Jesus also chose Judas Iscariot, the one who betrayed him. After Jesus had chosen them he went home.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “These are the names of those he chose: Simon (whom Jesus nicknamed Pedro),” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “These are the twelve whom he chose. Simon whom he named Pedro,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 5:23:
Uma: “Don’t drink only plain water. You should mix in a little wine, for remember your stomach that is easily sick.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Don’t also think that only water should be your (sing.) drink. But it is good if you (sing.) drink a little water of grapes (wine) to medicine your stomach because you are often sick.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Further advice which I have for you is this: don’t just drink water, rather also drink a little wine in order to medicine your stomach and your many sicknesses.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Don’t (sing.) be drinking only water, but rather drink also alcoholic-beverage a little-at-a-time for your (sing.) stomach sickness, because you have been sick many times.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “And well, this also is what I want to say to you. No longer keep to drinking only water. Drink just a little prepared-drink(usually means alcoholic) which is juice of ubas, for that’s remedial for that which you’re always feeling/suffering-from. For it’s like you’re sickly.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “Listen Timothy, when you from time to time are sick in the stomach, do not just drink water, drink a bit of wine.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
