Language-specific Insights

complete verse (John 3:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 3:22:

  • Uma: “After that, Yesus and his disciples went to Yudea land. While they were there, they baptized, baptizing people who wanted to become his followers.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After this Isa and his disciples went to the different places in Yahudiya. They were there for some time and bathed people there.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “After this, Jesus and his disciples went to the province of Judea, and they lived there for how many days/(several days) because Jesus was baptizing people.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus and his disciples went to the province Judea and they stayed there baptizing.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Some days passed, then Jesus and his disciples went to the region of Judea. They were there for some time because they were baptizing.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Afterwards Jesus went to the land of Judea with his learners. There he stayed some days, and the people were baptized.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 9:36)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 9:36:

  • Uma: “He was overcome with emotion [lit., his heart was far-away] seeing the many people, because their troubles were many, and there was no-one to help them, [they were] like sheep who are not shepherded.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When he saw the crowds of people, he had great pity on them because they were troubled and nobody helped them. They were like sheep who don’t have anyone to look after them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when he saw the many people, he pitied them because they had many cares and there was no one to help them. They were like sheep with no one to care for them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Upon his seeing the many people, he pitied them, because they were hardshipped and discouraged like sheep who have no one-to-take-care-of them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When Jesus observed all the people, he really pitied them. For they were like sheep who were starving and defeated by the hardships they were experiencing because there was no shepherd.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When he saw that very many people gathered to where he arrived, very much did he pity them. Because the people lived in misery, not knowing what to do. They were like sheep without anyone to shepherd them.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (2 Corinthians 5:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 5:18:

  • Uma: “God himself is the one who does all that. With the mediation of Kristus, God has caused us (incl.) to be at-peace with himself, and he gave us the work of announcing that news to other people, so that they also will be at-peace with God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “All this God is doing. Even though we (incl.) were God’s enemies but because of what Isa Almasi did, we (incl.) have been reconciled (lit. made good) by God and now we (incl.) are God’s friends. And we (excl.) have been given work by him, we (excl.) were told to tell to the people as to how they can also become reconciled/made good with God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “God is the one who did this, for by means of Christ He has made us His friends. And He has also given to us the work of making other people His friends.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “God alone is the one who has done this, for he has removed what was blocking us from him by-means-of Cristo and he has entrusted to us (excl.) our work which is persuading people to become his friends.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “God really is the source of all this, for because of the death of Cristo he has now classified us as his friends, no longer opponents. And then he appointed us (excl.) as full-time-returners of people to him, so that they also will be classified as friends of God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “It is God who caused that the person walks in a new way. God is our friend now because Christ paid for our sins. And God gives us our work to tell other people to be friends with God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 4:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 4:18:

  • Uma: “because you (sing.) have been married five times, and that man/husband of yours(s) there [out of sight] is not your (sing.) own man/husband. So, your (sing.) words earlier are very true.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For you have had five husbands but your companion that you are one with now is not your husband. What you said is true.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because five already have married you, and the man with you now is not your husband.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “because you (sing.) have-gotten-married five times, and your (sing.) housemate now, he is not your (sing.) spouse.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because five men already have married you. Well, that one now, he’s just your man, not your husband. What you said there was true all right.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because now it is the fifth husband you have lived with. And that one you are living with now isn’t your husband. So it is apparent that you speak what is true.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 10:30)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 10:30:

  • Uma: “Yet God’s care for you surpasses [that]. He knows you so well, even the number of your hairs God counts and knows all.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Na, more so you, God will not forget you. Even of your hair he knows as to how many there are.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But as for you, his care for you is far greater, because even the hairs of your head, he has counted them already.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Especially-more you people! Because even your hairs, he knows their number.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But he values you much more. The truth is, even your hair, he has all of it counted.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Very much does God care for you. Even your hairs are counted one by one.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Gun: “Concerning you, it is the counting of all the hair that is on your head that God knows.” (Gun does not use the passive voice so an agent had to be chosen) (Source: Emmanuel K. Kogon in The Bible Translator 2017, p. 238ff. )

complete verse (2 Corinthians 7:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 7:11:

  • Uma: “Your sadness reading my that letter of mine the other day was indeed sadness that followed God’s will. Take a good look at what the fruit of your sadness was. Because of your sadness, your heart really wanted to do what was straight. You said you weren’t on the side of the people who rejected us (excl.). You hated the sins of the guilty person(s), you feared to follow their behavior. You longed for me, you followed my commands, you were ready to punish the guilty person(s). In every way it became clear that your hearts were as clean as a chicken egg [i.e., sincere and innocent] in the matter.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Look at what the outcome of that sadness of yours was, because your sadness was from God. Now you strive/try hard to cause your doings to be straight. You really want to tell me that you were not mixed up in the doing of that person. And you really hate already those shameful deeds of that person. You are also afraid. Now you already want that we (incl.) will see each other again and you want that I am pleased with you. You also immediately punished the person who sinned. Because of all this you have made clear to me that you have nothing to do with his sin.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But as for you, just recount the good which God did through your sorrow. For by means of it, your correction of your activities increased. It became big in your breath that people should know that we had nothing to rebuke about your activity. You were very disgusted with the things that person who sinned did; you were very much afraid of that because you might be included in God’s punishing him. And you were also very lonely for me, and your carrying out my commands to you increased. And that’s not all, because you very quickly punished that person who had done wrong. And you showed that you had no sin in that which he did.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Consider the good that God has done because of that sorrow of yours. Because now you are industrious to show that what you have done is right. You became-angry because of your being-shamed and you became-afraid lest you be punished. You really-want our companionship to become-good again. You were also eager to punish properly the one-who-sinned. Because of all these-things that you have done, you have shown that there is already nothing that you can be accused of in that-aforementioned-thing that happened.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For just look at what was achieved in your lives by that grief which was in accordance with God’s will. Is it not so that you applied yourselves seriously to judging that bad thing that was done among you that I mentioned in my letter, so that it would be recognized that you are no longer regarding-it-as-unimportant, but rather you are now regarding-it-as-disgusting? You really were disgusted with yourselves, and became afraid that you might also be included in being punished. You really were hoping for me to once again be happy with you therefore you got right down to the business of rectifying (lit. faced-up-to well) the things that needed to be fixed there, and passed judgment upon that which needed to be judged. You really caused it to be comprehended that you now had nothing to answer for concerning the sin that that person there did.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “In regard to your sadness of heart when you ea the letter I sent to you concerning the sin there was, God looked well on what you did. Now you can see what happened after you knew what had happened. You were angry because you feared God’s punishment. Therefore you were strengthened to reprimand the one who had done sin. Then it appeared that you did not approve that sin. And now, very much do you want to see me.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 4:50)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 4:50:

  • Uma: “Yesus said: ‘Go home, your (sing.) child is well.’ That leader really believed the words of Yesus, and he really went home.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘Go home,’ said Isa, ‘Your child is well.’ The man believed what Isa said and went home.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus answered, ‘Go on home because your child is already well.’ And this person believed what Jesus said and started off.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus said, ‘You (sing.) go now. Your (sing.) child will (reassurance particle) live.’ He believed/obeyed Jesus’ words and right-there he went-home.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus next replied, ‘Even if I don’t go along with you (sing.), (it’s okay because) the illness of your son has already stopped.’ He believed at once what Jesus had said. Without anything further, he went home.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Then Jesus said, ‘Go to your house now. Your son now has become well.’ The man believed what Jesus said. He went to his house.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 11:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 11:20:

  • Uma: “From there, Yesus admonished/told-off the Yahudi people who lived in the towns in the land of Galilea, because even through he frequently did miracles [lit., astonishing things] in their towns, they still did not repent from their evil character.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then Isa began to scold the people of the towns where he had done many of his miracles/wonder-causing works, because they did not change their livers.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then Jesus criticized the people in the towns where he had shown many miracles because they didn’t have done with their sins.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus scolded those who resided in the towns where he had done most of the amazing-things, because they did not repent of their sins.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then Jesus rebuked the people in the towns where he had done many amazing things. He rebuked them because they hadn’t repented and dropped/given-up their sins.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Jesus began to reprimand the manner of living of the people who lived in the towns where he had done many miracles. Because the people did not want to separate from the evil in which they lived. He said:” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)