Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Acts 4:7)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:7:

  • Uma: “[When] they were all there, they commanded for Petrus and Yohanes to be carried here in front of them. When they arrived there, those judges [sitters] asked, asking Petrus and Yohanes, they said: ‘From where is your power to heal that lame person? Who gave you that power?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then they commanded Petros and Yahiya to be brought to them. They questioned them, they said, ‘How did you do that? What power or whose name did you (pl.) use?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they brought before them Peter and John, and they asked them, ‘What is this power that was used to heal this person who couldn’t walk? And who gave you this power?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “They had-Pedro and Juan -stand before them, and they investigated them saying, ‘Where did your power to heal this lame-one come from? Whose name did you use?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When they had gathered, they caused those two apostles to stand in their presence and then questioned them. They said, ‘What is this knowledge/acquired-skill by which you were able to make well that lame person? Who gave you this skill?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “Then they ordered Peter and John to be brought and placed before them. They asked them, ‘what authority do you have? Who commanded you to do these different things?'”
    Tataltepec Chatino: “They went to get out Peter and John to judge them before the authorities. Those elders asked them: ‘How did you cure this lame man?’ they said. ‘Who gave you permission to cure?'” (Source for this and one above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 1:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 1:4:

  • Uma: “One time, while he was meeting with them, he gave them this command. He said to them: ‘Don’t leave Yerusalem yet. For now wait here until my Father gives you what he promised, what I said to you previously.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Once while they were gathered, he instructed them, he said, ‘Do not depart yet (dahu’) from Awrusalam. You wait first for what my Father promised which I told you about.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And one day when they were gathered together he said to them, ‘Do not go away from here, from the town of Jerusalem, but rather wait until (the end of the time) you are not yet given that which our father God promised. I told you about this before.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “One-time when they were gathered-together, Jesus commanded them, ‘Juan, he baptized people with water, but in-the-future you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit. Therefore do not leave here in Jerusalem but rather wait for the Holy Spirit who will be given-as-a-gift (lit. gifted) to you, because he is the one whom I told you before that my Father promised.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Once when the apostles were gathered together, Jesus commanded that they were not to leave Jerusalem yet. He said, ‘Wait for what the Father promised, which I have already told you.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “While he was still with them he ordered them not to go from Jerusalem. He said: ‘Wait until the word happens which our Father God spoke in time past. I have already told you about that.'”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “During the time that he was still with these apostles, he told them: ‘Don’t leave the city of Jerusalem. Wait until the day comes when what God the Father established about his Holy Spirit descending will be fulfilled. It was about this I spoke to you in former days.'”
  • Lalana Chinantec:” When he was living with his sent ones, Jesus said: ‘Don’t go out of the town of Jerusalem. Stay put. Because it is necessary that you wait for the Great Spirit whom God my Father will send as I have told you. Because God my Father says that he will send you his Great Spirit.'” (Source for this and two above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 6:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 6:10:

  • Uma: “But they were unable to answer what Stefanus said, because the Spirit of the Lord God gave him wisdom [lit., clearness of heart] to speak.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But the Spirit of God gave Estepan knowledge therefore when he spoke, they could not fight/challenge/win over him in arguing.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, the Holy Spirit gave Stephen wisdom. That’s why they could not overcome his arguments.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But they could not defeat him, because the Holy Spirit helped him and he was intelligent/skillful in answering.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But they didn’t defeat the wisdom/understanding of Esteban and the things he was saying by the inspiration of the Espiritu Santo.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “But they couldn’t get the better of him because he had great wisdom and God’s Holy Spirit was possessing him.”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “But they couldn’t win over Stephen because the Holy Spirit helped him to talk and gave him how to answer.” (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 2:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 2:24:

  • Uma: “You [emphatic] killed Yesus, but God made him live again. He freed him from the power of death, because he certainly could not stay dead.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But God caused him to be alive again. He was set free from the oppression/hardship of his death, because he could not really be governed by death.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However God set Jesus free (saved, rescued), and he raised him from the dead because it is not possible that death might keep him bound.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But God, he made-him-alive again, because it was not possible that death could restrain him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “You really were able to cause this Jesus to be killed, but he was made alive again by God, for it isn’t possible/acceptable that he be restrained by death.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Chuj: “But God, he caused Jesus to come back to life again. He was able to come back to life because death had no effectiveness to Jesus.”
  • Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “God raised him from the dead. He took him out of the place of the dead because it was not possible for him to remain dead.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “But God brought him to life again, taking him out of the hand of death, because it was not possible that he should continue where death rules.” (Source for this and two above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 23:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 23:5:

  • Uma: “Paulus answered: ‘I didn’t know that he was the Big Priest. Yet there is indeed something written in the Holy Book that says: ‘Don’t speak harshly of the leader(s) of our village.’ ‘” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Paul answered, he said, ‘My brothers, I did not know that he is the leader priest. I know that it is written hep in the holy-book saying, ‘Do not speak evil of your leader.’ ‘” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Paul answered, ‘I did not know that he was the high sacrificer because I know that the written word of God says that you should not insult the one who leads you.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Pablo said then in reply, ‘Brothers, had I known that he was the highest priest, I wouldn’t have shamed him, because there is admittedly something written in the word of God that says, ‘Do not (sing.) speak-evil-of the leader of your town/country.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Pablo replied, ‘Brethren, I didn’t know that he is apparently the Most-important Priest. If I had known, why would I have spoken like that since it is indeed contained in the writing, ‘Do not speak harshly to the one in authority who is ruling over you’?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “Paul said: ‘My brothers, it is written in God’s word: ‘Don’t speak angrily against the leader of your home town.’ But it didn’t enter my head that that man is the high priest.'” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

For the Old Testament quotes, see Exodus 22:28.

complete verse (Acts 4:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:12:

  • Uma: “There is no other way to receive salvation from God, only Yesus. Because in all the world there is no other person, only Yesus whom God provided for man, only he has power to lift us from the punishment of our sin.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And really he is the only one who can save us (incl.). Because here in this whole world, there is no other/nothing else given by God that can save us (incl.) except only Isa.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It is only Jesus who can set us free from punishment,’ said Peter, ‘because here in all the world there is no other person who is able to do it which God has given.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “It is only Jesus who can save us. Because there is no other in the entire world that God has sent to save us except him.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “It’s true, there really is no-one at all from whom salvation can be gotten from the punishment for sin, except this Jesu-Cristo only. For there is no-one else here under the heavens who has been given by God who can save us, but on the contrary this one only.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Chuj: “‘There is no other person who can save us; because there is no other person whom God has shown to people on this earth who can save us. Only Jesus,’ said Peter.”
  • Lalana Chinantec: “‘Only Jesus is able to save people. Only Jesus did God give. All over the world there is no one else who is able to save people.’ That’s what Peter said.”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “Another person cannot save us. But Jesus Christ can. For no other person in this world has been appointed to save us.”
  • Totontepec Mixe: “No one else is able that he forgive the sins of the earth people. Jesus alone is able to forgive our sins. God has sent no one else to forgive sins.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “There is not a single person who can save us apart from him, the one who has the authority to save the people on this earth.” (source for this and four above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Romans 11:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:9:

  • Uma: “Thus also the words of King Daud long ago that say: ‘O Lord, I request that all the blessings of those people, just cause them to end up falling, to the point that they get disaster and punishment, in order that their evil behavior is paid back.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Da’ud said, ‘May it be that because of their pleasures it is as if they were trapped (lit. trap hit-the-mark) and they can’t escape; it is as if they fell in a deep hole and they cannot get out. This is the repayment of their deeds.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And because of the unbelief of the Jews, there is also that which David said long ago, which said, ‘May it be that because of the good blessings which God has given them, they will mistakenly think that they have no sin. And may it be that by means of this they will be punished.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “David also, there is that which God caused-him -to-write saying, ‘May they suddenly be caught/arrested while they are participating-in-their-feasts like a bird who is caught in a snare or an animal who falls into a pit so that they will be properly punished.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “David says the same word, because he said: ‘There where the people feast, they think that they are having pleasure, they think God looks well on what they do. But it is not true that God looks well on what they do. Rather he will punish them for what they do.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Miahuatlán Zapotec: “David said: All of the feasts which the people of Israel do are in vain. Punishment will certainly overtake them and they will not escape.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “Also David wrote as follows: “My Lord, cause the different feast days that these people make to be the means of their being lost.” (Source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Acts 1:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 1:6:

  • Uma: “One other time, when his disciples gathered at one time with Yesus, they asked Yesus, they said: ‘Lord, is it perhaps at this time you (sing.) will release us from our enemies and become the King of the Israel people?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “One day while Isa and the persons/people he had commissioned were gathered together, they asked him, they said, ‘Sir, are you now going to set free our (excl.) nation/tribe Isra’il and will you now restore the kingdom to us (excl.)?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And there was a time when they were gathered together again, and they asked Jesus, they said, ‘Lord, is this now the time of your helping us, the descendants of Israel, so that our former power to be ruled by our own king might be returned to us?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When the apostles and Jesus gathered-together, they inquired of him, ‘Lord, is it now when you will cause-the ones-from-Roma -to-be-removed who are ruling over us so that we who are from-Israel will-be-the-ones-to-rule?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Once again when the apostles were gathered together, Jesus again came to see them. They questioned him. They said, ‘Lord/Chief, will you now/today make it that these ruling over us will be removed so that the kingdom of our nation of Israel can rise again?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “In those days when they were gathered together they asked Jesus: ‘Is it now in these days that you are going to re-establish that the nation of Israel rule itself?'”
  • San Mateo del Mar Huave: “So when they were still together with Father Jesus they asked him, they said: ‘Father, will you now permit the people of Israel to rule their own villages again?’ they said.”
  • Chuj: “Those gathered together with Jesus, they asked him: ‘Lord, is it now you will make our tribe Israel to become the rulers one time more?’ they said.” (Source for this and two above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)