Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Acts 8:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 8:9:

  • Uma: “In that town, there was a man named Simon. That Simon was a magician / sleight-of-hand-expert [topobali’mata]. For a long time he had shown his magic that surprised the Samaritans. He said that he was a man with big power.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “There was a person living in that town whose name was Simon. He was a diviner (landungan) and the people of Samariya were very amazed about his doings. That Simon said that he was a person with (supernatural) power.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There was a Samarian person who was a magician, and his name was Simon. For how many years had he surprised the people with his work. He caused the people to believe that he was not just a common person.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But there was someone who had for-a-long-time practiced-divination in that town who was named Simon of-whom-all the residents in Samaria -were-amazed. He had-been-boasting-about himself saying that he had importance/greatness (lit. highness).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But in that city there was a person whose name was Simon. He was a powerful-spirit-medium. For a long time already, all the taga Samaria were amazed by him because of the big-size of his knowledge/aquired-skill. He kept on saying that he was a very-far-from-ordinary person.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “In that town there lived a man called Simon who had been a Witch doctor formerly. He had really deceived the people who lived throughout all the land of Samaria, claiming that there was no one else like him.” (source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 2:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 2:23:

  • Uma: “That Yesus was offered to you, and you killed him, you offered him to evil people in order that they crucify him. But-in-fact what happened exactly followed the command/plan that God made-certain from-the-first, for God knew from-the-first what must happen.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “God knew beforehand and (it was) from his will that this Isa was delivered into your hands/holding and he had planned this for Isa. And you told/commanded sinful men/people to nail Isa on the post and to kill (him).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And this Jesus, a person delivered him to you. God already knew about this beforehand because this is what he had foreordained for Jesus. You caused him to be killed by people who do not worship God, and they nailed him to a cross.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This Jesus, God originally decided that he be-handed-over to you, because that was his plan long-ago and he knew it would be fulfilled. And you had-him-killed, handing-him-over to bad people so they would nail him to the cross.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But, well, you handed him over to people who don’t acknowledge God, for you caused him to be killed on a cross. But it’s true, this was only the fulfilling of what God determined.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “A long time ago God knew what you did to his Son, and God allowed you to put him on the cross by the hands of the wicked and kill him.”
  • Chuj: “But that Jesus he was given into your hands; because thus it was God’s will it happened. God, he knew it already before, what would come upon Jesus. You, you borrowed the hands of bad people so that you grab Jesus. You put him on a cross. He died because of you.”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “God had appointed that Jesus be handed over to evil people. God had known that Jesus would be murdered. You made up your minds that evil people should nail Jesus to a cross and kill him.”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “This Jesus God delivered to you because thus God determined before and he knew he was going to do it that way. In the hands of bad men you crucified Jesus and so you killed him.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “When he came into your hands, as God established even from former times, you took him prisoner and turned him over into the hands of sinful men. They crucified him and they killed him because that was what you wanted.
  • Coatlán Mixe: “Judas Iscariot delivered this Jesus to you in just the manner which God had planned beforehand. And you grabbed him and killed him when you delivered him to bad people and let them kill him on the cross.
  • Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “Jesus was delivered up to men. You had lawless men crucify him. All this was according to God’s plan and foreknowledge.” (source for this and six above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 26:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 26:24:

  • Uma: “While Paulus was still speaking, telling his defense, Festus jeered/hooted, he said: ‘You (sing.) are crazy, Paulus! Your (sing.) great cleverness has made [lit., carried] you (sing.) crazy.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “While Paul was speaking like that defending himself, Pestus shouted at him, he said, ‘Paul, you are already insane. Your knowledge is too much and that is what causes you to be insane.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now while Paul was still talking like this, Festus shouted out, and he said, ‘Paul, you are crazy! The thing that has made you crazy is your very much studying!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Upon Pablo’s saying that, Festus interrupted shouting, ‘You (sing.) are crazy, Pablo! Your (sing.) excessive learning is what has made-you (sing.) -crazy!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well, Pablo had not yet ended that defence of his when Festo spoke loudly. He said, ‘You are possessed/insane, Pablo! What has caused you to be insane is the big size of what you have studied.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “While Paul was saying this in his defense, Festus shouted: ‘Paul, you are crazy! Because you study paper so much you are crazy!'” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Romans 5:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 5:4:

  • Uma: “And if we become able to endure, we can defeat temptation, to-the-point-that God likes our behavior. And if we know that God likes our behavior, our hope in God gets stronger-and-stronger.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If/when we (incl.) endure our (incl.) hardships, God is pleased with us (incl.). And if/when we (incl.) know that God is pleased with us we (incl.) are assured that there is (something) good that we (incl.) expect/hope-for from God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And if we are able to endure, this pleases God; and when we know that God is pleased with our behavior, then it is absolutely true that there is something good which we can expect.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And when we have endured hardship, it is confirmed that our faith is steady/persevering. And if our faith is persevering, we expect that God’s plan for us will be fulfilled.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When we endure all the suffering we go through then God looks well upon us. When God has looked well upon us then we know that there will come the day we will see the good he gives.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “And when we are strong in enduring trouble, then we will indeed be proven men, and if we are proven men, then we will wait for God to do well with us.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “When we find patience it comes out that we are good, when it comes out that we are good we hope in God.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • Mairasi: “Furthermore that fact of our having well-split bones [diligence] will increasingly work in our liver until we will experience good life/behavior. Then that good life/behavior which we experience will work in our liver with the result that our vision resting place [hope] will increasingly certainly get strong.” (Source: Enggavoter 2004)