Language-specific Insights

envy / envious

The Greek, Latin and Hebrew that is translated as “envy” or “envious” in most English translations is, according to Nida (1952, p. 134), translated into Tzeltal and Tabasco Chontal in the following manner:

“Envy is bred of covetousness and self-centeredness. The Tzeltals, who recognize a covetous man as having a ‘small heart,’ say that an envious person has ‘a greedy heart.’ ‘Small hearts’ and ‘greedy hearts’ go together, and the soul shrinks in direct proportion to its greediness. The envious person is never satisfied, for he can never keep step with his own insatiable ego.

“The Chontal Indians, living in the low, swampy delta land of Tabasco in southern Mexico, regard envy in a more subtle way. They say of the man who is envious of his neighbor, ‘He did not want to see his neighbor.’ This describes the end result of envy. People cannot bear to see others enjoying the privileges which they insist should be their own. The envious man has acquired such a self-directed stare that he cannot take his eyes off self to see another’s enjoyment.”

Other translations include:

  • Central Mazahua: “jealous of each other, their fellow people”
  • Sayula Popoluca: “hate those who have something” (source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • Chol: “resent the well-being of others” (source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)
  • Matumbi: sukya, which means “envy” but also “hate” (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext)
  • Kupsabiny: “blackstomached” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)

See also envy.

To Titus - my true child in the faith we share

The Greek that is translated as “To Titus, my true child in the faith we share” in English is translated in Tabasco Chontal as “you, Titus, I send you this paper, you like a son you are to me because you believed also just like I believe.” (Source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)

Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior

The Greek that is translated as “Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior” in English is translated in:

  • Tabasco Chontal: “I want that the mind of our (incl) Father God be good with you (grace). I want that the mind of our (incl) Lord Jesus Christ, our Savior, be good with you. I want that they have mercy for you. I want that they give you your good (health).”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ, the Savior, should do you a favor, should pity you, should give you health and well-being.”
  • Ojitlán Chinantec: “May God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ, person who saved us, make their hearts good to you and may they see you needy (mercy), and may they make your heart peaceful.”
  • Sayula Popoluca: “may God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ who saves us give you favor, may they pity you, may they give you peace.” (source for this and above: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)

self-controlled

The Greek that is translated as “self-controlled” in English is translated in the following ways:

  • Isthmus Mixe: “he should make decisions slowly” / “that they shouldn’t act in a strange manner”
  • Tabasco Chontal: “they shouldn’t go vainly doing things which are not good”
  • Ojitlán Chinantec: “to walk right and straight” (source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)
  • See also self-control.

vicious brutes

The Greek that is translated as “vicious brutes” in English is translated in Tabasco Chontal as “as you might say angry foxes.” (Source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)

care for no man, defer to no one

The Greek that is translated into English as “care for no man” or “defer to no one” (in the sense of not seeking anyone’s favor) is translated in Tabasco Chontal as “you say the same thing to everyone” and in Shilluk as “you show the same respect to everyone.” In Shipibo-Conibo it is “in your mind no one is anything,” in Chol it is “your heart is equally straight in the presence of all men” and in Tzeltal “it does not matter who — all of us are equal as far as you are concerned.”

dishonor God

The Greek in Romans 2:23 that is usually translated in English as “dishonor God” is translated in various ways:

See also complete verse (Romans 2:23).