angry

The Hebrew, Greek and Latin that is translated as “(was or became) angry” in English is translated in Kwere as “saw anger.” In Kwere, emotions are always paired with sensory verbs (seeing or smelling or hearing). (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

In Bariai it is “to have grumbling interiors” (source: Bariai Back Translation).

See also anger and feel (terror, pain, suffering, anxiety).

swear / vow

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The Hebrew and Greek that is translated as “swear (an oath)” or “vow” in English is otherwise translated as:

  • “God sees me, I tell the truth to you” (Tzeltal)
  • “loading yourself down” (Huichol)
  • “speak-stay” (implying permanence of the utterance) (Sayula Popoluca)
  • “say what could not be taken away” (San Blas Kuna)
  • “because of the tight (i.e. ‘binding’) word said to a face” (Guerrero Amuzgo)
  • “strong promise” (North Alaskan Inupiatun) (source for all above: Bratcher / Nida)
  • “eat an oath” (Nyamwezi) (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
  • “drink an oath” (Jju) (source: McKinney 2018, p. 31).
  • “cut taboos” (Mairasi (source: Enggavoter 2004)

In Bauzi “swear” can be translated in various ways. In Hebrews 6:13, for instance, it is translated with “bones break apart and decisively speak.” (“No bones are literally broken but by saying ‘break bones’ it is like people swear by someone else in this case it is in relation to a rotting corpse’ bones falling apart. If you ‘break bones’ so to speak when you make an utterance, it is a true utterance.”) In other passages, such as in Matthew 26:72, it’s translated with an expression that implies taking ashes (“if a person wants everyone to know that he is telling the truth about a matter, he reaches down into the fireplace, scoops up some ashes and throws them while saying ‘I was not the one who did that.'”). So in Matthew 26:72 the Bauzi text is: “. . . Peter took ashes and defended himself saying, ‘I don’t know that Nazareth person.'” (Source: David Briley)

See also swear (promise) and Let your word be ‘Yes, Yes’, or ‘No, No’.

Noah

The Hebrew, Latin; Ge’ez and Greek that is transliterated as “Noah” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that combines the letter N + “boat.” (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Noah” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

The following is a stained glass window depicting Noah by Endre Odon Hevezi and Gyula Bajo from 1965 for the Debre Libanos Monastery, Oromia, Ethiopia:

Photo by Timothy A. Gonsalves, hosted by Wikimedia Commons under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license

Stained glass is not just highly decorative, it’s a medium which has been used to express important religious messages for centuries. Literacy was not widespread in the medieval and Renaissance periods and the Church used stained glass and other artworks to teach the central beliefs of Christianity. In Gothic churches, the windows were filled with extensive narrative scenes in stained glass — like huge and colorful picture storybooks — in which worshipers could ‘read’ the stories of Christ and the saints and learn what was required for their religious salvation. (Source: Victoria and Albert Museum )

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Noah .

complete verse (Isaiah 54:9)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Isaiah 54:9:

  • Kupsabiny: “I promised in the days of Noah
    that I would never make water flood the world again.
    So, I promise that I shall not be angry with you again
    and I shall not rebuke you again.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “This is like in the time of Noah,
    for just as I swore in Noah’s time, [that] I would never cover the earth again with a flood,
    like that, from today I promise that
    I will not show you [my] anger or ever scold [you again]. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘For me, this is like the time of Noe when I had-promised that the flood would never cover the earth. Now, I promise that I will- not -get-angry or punish you (sing.), O Jerusalem.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)

1st person pronoun referring to God (Japanese)

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Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.

One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the choice of a first person singular and plural pronoun (“I” and “we” and its various forms) as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. The most commonly used watashi/watakushi (私) is typically used when the speaker is humble and asking for help. In these verses, where God / Jesus is referring to himself, watashi is also used but instead of the kanji writing system (私) the syllabary hiragana (わたし) is used to distinguish God from others.

(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )

See also pronoun for “God”.

Translation commentary on Isaiah 54:9

For this is like the days of Noah to me introduces the special thought that dominates verses 9-10. In this context the Hebrew particle ki rendered For could be a logical connector (so Revised Standard Version) or be an emphatic marker (rendered “Indeed/Truly”). As a logical connector, it introduces why God will show mercy to his people in exile. If it is an emphatic marker, it draws special attention to the historical example of Noah, linking it to the present experience of the Israelites. With either understanding of the Hebrew particle ki there is a link between this verse and the previous ones. The demonstrative pronoun this points back to the situation described in verses 7-8. Like the days of Noah compares the time of the exile to the earlier time of the flood when Noah lived (see Gen 6–9). For the days of Noah, Good News Translation has “In the time of Noah” (similarly Bible en français courant).

As I swore that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth is the first part of a comparison. As introduces the premise, while the last two lines beginning with so give the conclusion. I swore means that God made an oath or a solemn promise (see the comments on 14.24 and 45.23). The waters of Noah should no more go over the earth is the content of that oath. God promised Noah that he would never destroy the world with a flood again (see Gen 9.8-17). The waters of Noah refers to the water that flooded the earth in Noah’s time. Noah did not own the water, which Revised Standard Version‘s rendering might imply. Good News Translation‘s brief rendering of these two lines expresses the meaning clearly: “I promised never again to flood the earth.” Bible en français courant has “I had promised then [at the time of Noah] that the great flood would not submerge the earth anymore.”

So I have sworn that I will not be angry with you compares the promise made to Noah with that given to the exiles now. Just as God promised Noah that he would never destroy the world again with a flood, so he promises to bring his people back from exile and not punish them in this way again. The new divine oath means the time of punishment for the exiles is about to end (see 40.1-2). The Hebrew verb rendered be angry comes from the same root as the noun translated “wrath” in the previous verse. So God will hold back his intense anger. Although Masoretic Text does not repeat the Hebrew adverb rendered more in the previous line, it is implied here and is present in Dead Sea Scrolls. Good News Translation, Revised English Bible, and Bible en français courant follow Dead Sea Scrolls by using the adverb “again.”

And will not rebuke you does not mean that God will never criticize his people again, because it is clear later in their history that he did so. The Hebrew verb for rebuke means “to act in anger” here, since it is parallel with be angry in the previous line (compare 66.15). Instead of rebuke, Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch and Bible en français courant say “threaten,” and Good News Translation has “reprimand or punish.”

For the translation of this verse consider the following examples:

• “Now indeed this situation is like that in the time of Noah.
Just as I swore an oath then
that a flood should not cover the earth again,
so I have sworn an oath
that I will not be so angry or act in anger against you again.

• “For this situation is like that in Noah’s day.
Just as I promised then
that floodwater should never cover the earth again,
so I promise now
that I will not be angry or act in anger against you.

Quoted with permission from Ogden, Graham S. and Sterk, Jan. A Handbook on Isaiah. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .