priest

The Hebrew, Aramaic, Ge’ez, and Greek that are typically translated as “priest” in English (itself deriving from Latin “presbyter” — “elder”) is often translated with a consideration of existing religious traditions. (Click or tap for details)

Bratcher / Nida (1961) say this:

“However, rather than borrow local names for priests, some of which have unwanted connotations, a number of translations have employed descriptive phrases based on certain functions: (1) those describing a ceremonial activity: Pamona uses tadu, the priestess who recites the litanies in which she describes her journey to the upper or under-world to fetch life-spirit for sick people, animals or plants; Batak Toba uses the Arabic malim, ‘Muslim religious teacher;’ ‘one who presents man’s sacrifice to God’ (Bambara, Eastern Maninkakan), ‘one who presents sacrifices’ (Baoulé, Navajo (Dinė)), ‘one who takes the name of the sacrifice’ (Kpelle, and ‘to make a sacrifice go out’ (Hausa); (2) those describing an intermediary function: ‘one who speaks to God’ (Shipibo-Conibo) and ‘spokesman of the people before God’ (Tabasco Chontal).”

In Obolo it is translated as ogwu ngwugwa or “the one who offers sacrifice” (source: Enene Enene), in Mairasi as agam aevar nevwerai: “religious leader” (source: Enggavoter 2004), in Ignaciano as “blesser, one who does ritual as a practice” (using a generic term rather than the otherwise common Spanish loan word sacerdote) (source: Willis Ott in Notes on Translation 88/1982, p. 18ff.), and in Noongar as yakin-kooranyi or “holy worker” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang).

For Guhu-Samane, Ernest Richert (in The Bible Translator, 1965, p. 81ff. ) reports this: “The [local] cult of Poro used to be an all-encompassing religious system that essentially governed all areas of life. (…) For ‘priest’ the term ‘poro father’ would at first seem to be a natural choice. However, several priests of the old cult are still living. Although they no longer function primarily as priests of the old system they still have a substantial influence on the community, and there would be more than a chance that the unqualified term would (in some contexts particularly) be equated with the priest of the poro cult. We learned, then, that the poro fathers would sometimes be called ‘knife men’ in relation to their sacrificial work. The panel was pleased to apply this term to the Jewish priest, and the Christian community has adopted it fully. [Mark 1:44, for instance, now] reads: ‘You must definitely not tell any man of this. But you go show your body to the knife man and do what Moses said about a sacrifice concerning your being healed, and the cause (base of this) will be apparent.'”

For a revision of the 1968 version of the Bible in Khmer Joseph Hong (in: The Bible Translator 1996, 233ff. ) talks about a change in wording for this term:

​​Bau cha r (បូជា‌ចារ្យ) — The use of this new construction meaning “priest” is maintained to translate the Greek word hiereus. The term “mean sang (មាន សង្ឃ)” used in the old version actually means a “Buddhist monk,” and is felt to be theologically misleading. The Khmer considers the Buddhist monk as a “paddy field of merits,” a reserve of merits to be shared with other people. So a Khmer reader would find unthinkable that the mean sang in the Bible killed animals, the gravest sin for a Buddhist; and what a scandal it would be to say that a mean sang was married, had children, and drank wine.

See also idolatrous priests.

complete verse (Ezra 10:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Ezra 10:18:

  • Kupsabiny: “The people who were priests who had married the foreign women were/are: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib, and Gedaliah. This people were from the family/house of Jeshua son of Jozadak and his brothers.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Those from priestly families who married foreign women were —
    From the family of Jeshua son of Jehozadak and his brothers — Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib and Gedaliah.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “These are men who took-a-wife from the not Israelinhon, and they promised that they would divorce/separate from these wives of theirs: (Each one of them offered rams as payment of their sins.)
    Of/from the priests:
    Maasea, Eliezer, Jarib, and Gedalia, who came-from the family of Jeshua the child of Jozadak and his siblings;” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)

SIL Translator’s Notes on Ezra 10:18

Section 10:18-41

These are the men of Israel who married foreign women

10:18a Among the descendants of the priests who had married foreign women were found

¶ These are the descendants of priests who had married women who were not Jews:
-or-
¶ Some of the men who had taken pagan women as wives came from the families of sacrificers.
-or-
¶ ⌊This is the list⌋ of men who had married/taken foreign wives, beginning with the priests.

10:18b these descendants of Jeshua son of Jozadak and his brothers: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib, and Gedaliah.

The name written as Jeshua in Berean Standard Bible is written as Jeshua by most versions, which is closest how it is written in Hebrew. The New International Version (2011), Good News Translation, and Contemporary English Version have chosen to write it as Joshua, which is how the name of the same person is written in Haggai 1:1 and Zechariah 3:1. This also has the advantage of differentiating this Joshua/Jeshua, the high priest, from other men named Jeshua in Ezra. We have written it both ways in the Display below. See the note on “Joshua” at Ezra 2:2. Similarly, Good News Translation and New Living Translation (2004) write the name of Jeshua’s father as Jehozadak (rather than Jozadak) which is how it is written in 1 Chronicles 6:14-15 and in Haggai.

Those who descended from Joshua son of Jozadak or from one of his/Joshua’s brothers were Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib and Gedaliah.
-or-
From the sub-clans of Jeshua son of Jozadak and his brothers, there were Maaseiah and Eliezer and Jarib and Gedaliah.
-or-
Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib and Gedaliah came from the clan of Jeshua ⌊the high priest⌋ and his brothers, sons of Jozadak.

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