The Greek that is typically translated as “boldness” in English is often translated in the the widely-used Mandarin ChineseUnion Version with an existing Chinese proverb: tǎnrán wújù (坦然无惧) or “calm and fearless.” (Source: Zetzsche)
In Makonde it is translated as “being strong in heart.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext)
Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)
The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).
For this verse, translators typically select the exclusive form (excluding the addressee).
Source: Velma Pickett and Florence Cowan in Notes on Translation January 1962, p. 1ff.
Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 10:2:
Uma: “I really request, relatives, that there not be anybody who still rejects my authority, so that when I arrive there, my words won’t have to be harsh any longer! For there are those there who say that our (excl.) behavior is like the behavior of people who don’t know God. Well then, just wait! When I arrive, they will themselves hear my harsh words!” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “I beseech you, cause your conduct to be good so that I don’t have to scold you when I am there in your presence. Because I am really not afraid to scold the people who slander us (excl.), they say, that is what we (excl.) follow our own greedy-desires like people who don’t follow God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I beg you that you correct your behavior so it will not be necessary for my words to be sharp to you when I am there with you. There are some of you who say that I am just like an ordinary person in whose breath what God wants is not big. Well you just wait until I get there, and if they have not corrected their activities, they will see how sharp my words will be.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Please-take-pity (strong request) so I won’t need to show my boldness when I go there. Because I will emphatically indeed have boldness to scold those aforementioned-ones who say that our (excl.) behavior and motives are worldly.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Therefore, I implore you, don’t force me to speak-against you strongly when I go there. For as for some there, (they) are saying that we (excl.) live according to the evil natural-ways here in this world.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “Listen my brothers, separate from everything which is not right so that when I come to see you then I will speak well with you. Do not want that I must reprimand you for how you walk. But if there still are those who tell you that I am just looking for how to elevate myself, these people are the ones I must speak strongly to.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
It will be noted that the words “I beg you” are found at the end of verse 1 in an older version of Good News Bible as part of its restructuring of that verse. The meaning is essentially the same as I … entreat you at the beginning of verse 1, even though the verb is different here. The structure used in the receptor language translation may require that only one verb be used, not two verbs.
When I am present should not be understood as a timeless statement meaning “anytime that I am present with you.” Paul is referring specifically to his next visit to Corinth, whenever that may be. Accordingly Good News Translation says “when I come” (also Revised English Bible, Nueva Biblia Española). Some languages require that the translation indicate that this is not Paul’s first visit to Corinth; for example, it may be rendered “when I come again” (see also 10.11). Or other languages may prefer to say “the next time I am present with you” or “the next time we meet.”
Show boldness with such confidence …: the verb show boldness (used also in 5.6, 8; 7.16; 10.1) and the noun confidence (found in 1.15; 3.4; 8.22) reinforce each other, and together they constitute a very strong statement. While the two may have to be translated as a single verb in some languages, translators should look for a very emphatic way of saying “to be very firm” or “to be severe [or strict, or harsh].”
I count on showing: even though he does not wish it, Paul indicates by these words that he feels it will be necessary to show that he is strong when he faces his accusers. Note that the verb translated count on is the same in Greek as the one translated suspect in the following clause. New Century Version says “I plan to be very strict….” In some languages it may be better to say “I have decided I will have to show” or “I know that I will have to demonstrate.”
Suspect: the word so translated in Revised Standard Version actually means “reason” or “reckon.” The verb is actually the same as the one translated “count on.” New Jerusalem Bible shows the relationship by translating the two verbs with the same English word, “reckon.” It says “… as I reckon to use when I am challenging those who reckon that we are guided by human motives.” In this case Anchor Bible says “who reason that we are conducting ourselves according to worldly standards,” while Revised English Bible has “those who assume my behavior to be dictated by human weakness.” But the context makes it clear that what was involved in this case was not a mere suspicion that Paul’s enemies kept to themselves, but that they were telling others about it. For this reason, it is at least possible to translate “say” (Good News Translation) rather than “think” (New Revised Standard Version, New International Version).
Acting in a worldly fashion: literally “walking according to the flesh.” The use of the verb “walk” reflects a common Hebrew idiom referring to a person’s “behavior” or “conduct” (see comments at 4.2 on “practice”). The word “flesh” is often used in Scripture for “human nature.” In this context the idea is one of “behaving in a manner that is controlled by natural human desires.” In Rom 8.4 the same expression contrasts with “walking according to the Spirit.” Some possible models here are “living for the things of this world” (Good News for the World), “act like the people of this world” (Contemporary English Version) or “our activities are on a purely human level” (Phillips).
The logical connections between the various parts of verses 1 and 2 may be difficult, but translators should make every effort to make them clear to readers and hearers. The following is a possible model showing these relationships:
• I, Paul myself, appeal to you with the gentleness and kindness of Christ to listen to me. I am making this request because some people accuse us of doing things just to please ourselves. They say we are weak when we are with you, but very bold when we are far away [from you]. But this is my appeal to you: I beg you not to force me to be bold when I come to visit you. However, I am sure that I can be bold with those who accuse me.
Another possible model is that of Contemporary English Version:
• Do you think I am a coward when I am with you and brave when I am far away? Well, I ask you to listen, because Christ himself was humble and gentle. Some people have said that we act like people of this world. So when I arrive, I expect I will have to be firm and forceful in what I say to them. Please don’t make me treat you that way.
Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellingworth, Paul. A Handbook on Paul’s Second Letter to the Corinthians. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1993. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
Living Water is produced for the Bible translation movement in association with Lutheran Bible Translators. Lyrics derived from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®).
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