Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:2:
Uma: “that is why many people assembled wanting to see him. They assembled, with the result that it was crowded in the house, even to the doorway it was full of people. He preached the Word of God to them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Many people gathered there to the house where Isa was. Therefore nobody else could fit in/there was no more room for them, even in the doorway. Isa proclaimed God’s word/message to them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and they gathered there. They were very many, and because of this there was no longer any room for them even under the eaves near the door. Jesus preached to them the Word of God” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Right then the many-people gathered there until there was no place for others, even around the doorway. Then as Jesus was preaching the word of God to them,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “That’s why very many again were the people arriving there, even outside the house having no more room even to stand in. Without anything further, Jesus taught them.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Isthmus Mixe: “Then many people gathered together. The house filled up, even around the door. There Jesus was inside preaching the word.” (Source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
Kim text for oral translation: “People gathered around him many such that no one found a place to put his foot on the ground, even outside the door. Jesus was announcing the word of God.” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So many men gathered there that it became impossible to move. There were not even any open spaces around the door. So he was speaking his message to them.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:26:
Uma: “That person shook/trembled because of the evil spirit, and he cried out, and the evil spirit that possessed [rode] him came out.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then the man was convulsed by the demon and after the demon had screamed/shouted, he came out from the man.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And immediately the demon caused that man to have convulsions and caused him to scream loudly, and the demon came out of him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Whereupon the spirit caused-that man -to-convulse while-simultaneously he made-him -scream, and then he left him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “That person was again caused to convulse by that evil spirit who was possessing him. And then it cried out as it left his body.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Balinese: “The demon(s) tormented the man so that he jerked, then went out while he (or they) screamed, loudly.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “Well, the unclean spirit convulsed him and, producing a tremendous sound, came out of him.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:13:
Uma: “After that, Yesus went again to the edge of the lake. Very many people gathered, and he taught them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then Isa went again to the edge of lake Jalil. The crowds of people gathered there to him and he taught them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “After this Jesus left there and he went again to the seashore, and many people gathered to him and he taught them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Jesus went again to the edge of the lake. In-a-large-group were the people who gathered where he was and he taught them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Jesus returned again to the shore of the Lake of Galilea. He was followed by very many people. They were again taught by Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So again he went out along the sea. And the entire crowd went out to him. So he taught them.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:3:
Uma: “‘He calls in the wilderness [lit., empty field], he says: ‘The Lord is almost come! Prepare ahead-of-time for him his road. Make-flat ahead-of-time the road that he will pass on.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “There is a person calling in the lonely place (wilderness). This is what he says: ‘Soon the Lord/Leader will come/arrive. Make the way smooth where he will pass! Make the way straight which he will follow!'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He will be in the land where people do not live. And there he will be heard by people who come out to meet him; he will say, ‘The Lord will soon arrive. Clear out the way he will go; straighten out the path he will walk on, which is to say get ready for his coming.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “He will shout/speak-in-a-loud-voice in the place that has no inhabitants saying, ‘Prepare where-the Lord who is coming -will-walk so that the path he-will-walk-on will be good.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “‘There is one calling out in the wilderness (lit. place where-one-could-starve), saying, ‘You (pl.) make a trail for the Lord/Chief. Make-direct and improve/make-properly this which he will walk on.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Shipibo-Conibo: “This is the word of one calling where no house is: Arrange Owner God’s [Lord’s] path for him. Straighten his little paths.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: “there is the voice of a man crying in the
barren field thus: ‘Open up a way where the Lord will go, make straight his paths,'” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “‘A voice of one crying in the desert, ‘Make ready the way of the Lord, make straight his paths!’’),”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:37:
Uma: “‘Many people are looking for you, Teacher.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “When they had found him, they said to him, ‘There are all those people there looking for you.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When they found him, they said to him, ‘All the people are looking for you.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “When they found him, they said to him, ‘The many-people are all looking for you (sing.).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When they had found Jesus, they said, ‘You are being looked for by everybody.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:24:
Uma: “The Parisi people who were there said to Yesus: ‘Why [in the world] do your (sing.) disciples break the rules of our (incl.) religion? They are working on the worship day!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then the Pariseo said to Isa, ‘Look. Why is it that your disciples do what is forbidden by the law on a day-of-no-work?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then the Pharisees said to Jesus, they said, ‘Your disciples are transgressing the commandment given to us by God. Because why are they harvesting today on the Day of Rest?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “However there were some Pharisees who said to Jesus, ‘Look, why are your (sing.) disciples breaking the law of us Jews which forbids harvesting on the day for-resting?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When the Pariseo saw, they said to Jesus, ‘Look at what is being done by those disciples of yours! Isn’t it so that it is taboo to harvest on the Day of Rest?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So the Pharisees said to him: ‘Look! Why are they, on the Sabbath, doing a thing which is not allowed on the Sabbath?'”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:14:
Uma: “Not long after that, Yohanes the Baptizer was arrested and imprisoned. At that time, Yesus went Galilea-land and spread the good news that is from God,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “After Yahiya had been imprisoned by the king, Isa went to the place/land Jalil. He proclaimed about the good news from God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when John had been arrested by King Herod, Jesus returned to the province of Galilee and preached there to the people the good news which comes from God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “When Juan was already (lit. done) imprisoned, Jesus returned to Galilea to preach the good news from God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When Juan was now in prison, Jesus returned home to Galilea. He taught the Good News there which came from God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Shipibo-Conibo: “Then back of John being shut in, Jesus went back to Galilee. Going, he told along the good word regarding Ruler God coming.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: “After Jokanan had been put in jail, then Jesus came to the country Galilea to spread the good news, (which is) the Word of God.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “Well, after John was handed over, Jesus went to Galilee, proclaiming the good news of God,”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:3:
Uma: “While he was speaking, four people carrying their lame friend came.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then a sick person was brought to him carried-on-a-stretcher by four people. That sick person was paralyzed (lit. dead his body).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and then some people arrived carrying a person whose body is paralyzed. He is being carried by four men.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “some arrived who were bringing a cripple. Four men were carrying-him -at-either-end.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Just as he was teaching, four people arrived bringing a person who was paralyzed (lit. had a dead part of his body).” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Kim text for oral translation: “They brought to him a person who was paralysed sabtak [qualifier], there were four people carrying him.” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “And here they come bringing a paralyzed man, carried by four men!”
