Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Revelation 20:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 20:10:

  • Uma: “After that, the King of Evil-ones who deceived them was thrown into the sea of fire that blazes and glows/has-coals, to the place where the evil animal and the lying prophet had been thrown. There they were tortured continually until forever.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After that the leader of demons will be caught, the one who deceived the people of the tribes and he will be thrown into the fire of sulphur, the fire that is large as a lake. The creature and the false prophet had already been thrown there. And they will be made-to-suffer/persecuted there in that fire day and night forever.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then Satan, the one who deceived them, was thrown into the lake which burns with sulphur where the beast and the prophet of Satan were thrown. And there they are tortured day and night forever.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And as for Satanas who deceived them, he will be thrown into the wide pool which is the place of flaming sulfur into which the fearsome animal and the lying prophet have already been thrown, and they will be hardshipped day and night forever.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well what else but that one, that Satanas who deceived/lured them, was then thrown into the lake of leaping fire of burning asupri, that into which had also been thrown that monster and that deceiving prophet. All together they will be caused to suffer night and day without ending.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the devil who deceived the people, he was thrown into the lake which burns fiercely with the fire of sulphur. It is the lake into which were thrown the terrible animal along with the lying prophet. There where they were thrown is where they will suffer forever, day and night.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 15:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 15:23:

  • Uma: “But at this time, my work around here is done. So, since for years I have wanted to go visit you,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But now because my work is finished here in the places here, I think/estimate I am able to go there to you (pl.). For a long time I have wanted to go there to visit you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And now that I have finished my work here in these towns, and because it’s been a long time now that I’ve been thinking about coming there to you,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But now I have finished my work here, so I plan to stop-by there when I go to Espanya, because here it has been how many years that I have strongly-desired to see you. I expect then that when I have satisfied-my-missing-you, you will be able to help me so that I can continue-on to go to Espanya.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But now I can go. Because now I have completed telling the word in the parts around here. The years have really passed since I decided that I would go to where you live to see you.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:14:

  • Noongar: “He used all the money. Then no rain fell on the land and the land grew no food. He had nothing, without money and without food. ” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “When his money was all gone, there was famine in that town, to the point that his life was pitiful.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When he had spent all, that country suddenly had a great famine. Then he was in great need.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then his money ran out. And there happened a very bitter famine in that land, and as for him, he had no way to get what he needed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When his money was used-up, an extreme famine arrived in the country where he was, and he was left-with-nothing (lit. shaved).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Just as he had used it up in wasting it, a severe famine came to that place. Well, what else but he was scrounging around (lit. reaching through holes in the floor) in his poverty/severe-hardship.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 21:27)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:27:

  • Uma: “But whatever was dirty or people who commit evil or who lie, they were certainly not allowed to enter into it. The ones who could enter, [were] just the people whose names were written in the Book of the Lamb, the book writing-place of the names of those who receive good life forever.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But nothing unclean will enter that city. Nobody doing shameful things or who lies will enter there. Only those will enter that city whose names are written in the book belonging to the Sheep, that is the book for listing the names of the people who have life without end.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But nothing bad or any who teach lies or a person who worships idols is allowed to enter. The only ones who can enter there are the people whose names are listed in the book of the young sheep where are listed those people who are given eternal life.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But absolutely no one can-enter whom God considers filthy such as the one who does what is shameful and the liar, because only those whose names are written in the book of the Sheep in which are listed those who have life that has no end will be able to enter.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But really nothing at all can get in there which is disgusting in God’s sight, none who do shameful things or anyone who is a liar, but rather only those whose names are written in that in which are written as many as will be given life which has no ending, this writing being in the custody/care of this one referred to as Young Sheep.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “There at the city, no evil will come into it. The people who have walked in evil will not enter it. Neither will the people who speak lies enter. Concerning the people who will enter it, they are the people whose names are written down in the book carried by the Lamb. Because concerning this book, there are written down the names of the people who encounter the new life.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 16:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 16:22:

  • Uma: “I, Tertius, whom Paulus is using-as-his-hand to write this letter, I also say my greetings in the Lord Yesus to [you] relatives in Roma.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I am Tertiyus. This writing/letter is the words of Paul but I am the one who writes it. I also remember you because I am also your brother trusting Isa Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “(And I also, Tertius, the one Paul had write his letter, I greet you also because we (incl.) are all believers in Christ.)” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Tercius whom I have had write this letter also sends-you -greetings, because he is one of our fellow believers in the Lord Jesus.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “And I, Tertius, who am writing here on the paper the words spoken by Paul, also greet you because of Jesus Christ.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 16:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 16:14:

  • Noongar: “The Pharisees heard these things, so they mocked Jesus, because they loved money.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “The Parisi people heard all of those words of Yesus. They just laughed at him, for they were ones who desired money.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The Pariseo heard what Isa said there. They laughed at Isa for they liked money.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There were there some Pharisees, and what was big in their breath was money. And when they heard these teachings of Jesus, they spoke in rejection against him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When the Pharisees heard this that Jesus had said, they laughed-at him, because they loved money.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The Pariseo heard this. Without anything further they now made sarcastic remarks about Jesus, for as for them, they really were fond of making-money.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Corinthians 1:27)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 1:27:

  • Uma: “For God purposely chose / chooses people who are stupid in mankind’s sight, in order that the clever people become ashamed. He chose them who are weak, so that strong people become ashamed.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But God purposed to choose those that the people think that they have no knowledge in order that the people who have knowledge will be put to shame/made ashamed. And God also chose those that people think/consider that they have no strength/power so that the people who have strength/power are made ashamed.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But in spite of that, God chose you so that you might be set free. For the people are not wise, they’re the ones God chose so that those who think they are wise, might be ashamed. And those people whom the majority suppose can’t do very much, He chose them also so that those who think they have power may be ashamed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because God chose those who were not educated or wise in the estimation of people in order that the educated would be shamed. He chose the weak in the estimation of people so that the strong would be shamed.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because those whom the world regards as not knowledgeable, those are the ones God chose in order to shame those who are reportedly knowledgeable. And those whom the world regards as weak, he chose in order to shame those who are reportedly strong.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “So God chose people who do not have wisdom here on earth in order to make ashamed the people who say they have wisdom. God chose the people who are not strong here on earth in order to make ashamed the people who say they are strong.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Huixtán Tzotzil: “God chose those who are mistakenly thought to be unlearned, of no use, to shame those who mistakenly think they are wise. God chose those who are mistakenly thought to not have strength to shame those who mistakenly think they are strong.” (Huixtán Tzotzil frequently uses the verb -cuy to express “to mistakenly think something” from the point of view of the speaker. (Source: Marion M. Cowan in Notes on Translation 20/1966, pp. 6ff.)

complete verse (Luke 17:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 17:15:

  • Noongar: “When one of them saw he had become well, he went back, greatly praising God.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “When one of them saw that he was healed, he returned going to Yesus, praising God loudly.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “One of them, when he saw that he was healed he immediately went back and praised God (in a) loud (voice).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And one of them, when he saw that he had no more leprosy, he returned to Jesus, shouting praises to God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When one of them saw that his sickness had been removed, he returned while-simultaneously raising his voice to praise God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When one person observed that his leprosy had stopped, he came back shouting out as he praised God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)