Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Matthew 23:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:1:

  • Uma: “After that, Yesus spoke to the crowds and his followers, he said:” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then Isa spoke to the crowds and to his disciples he said,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then Jesus said to the many people and to his disciples,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus said to the many-people and his disciples,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then Jesus said to the people and his disciples,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Jesus called all the people along with his learners and said to them:” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Philippians 2:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of Philippians 2:8:

  • Uma: “And after he became a man, he made himself low and followed the commands of God, until he died crucified like an evil person.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When he was a human-being, he did not make himself great but he had a lowly/humble liver and he followed all that God commanded him even including/until dying nailed to the post.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Being already a man, He did not make Himself high, but rather He submitted himself to the commands His Father God gave Him, even though by means of this He was nailed to a cross and there He died.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “and he humbled his thoughts in order to obey/fulfill God’s purpose for him even if that was the cause-of-his-death. The way also that he died, it was fearful and shameful, because he was nailed to the cross.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The-truth-of-that-is, on his becoming a man here in the world, he humbled himself and was very obedient to the will of God the Father, even though it caused his life/breath to be severed. Yes indeed, even the death of being nailed to a cross, he really didn’t say no to it.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When he lived as a person, he didn’t make himself out to be important. He gave himself to do God’s will, even to giving himself to be killed. He died on the cross even though it is said that there is shame for one to die on a cross.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 14:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 14:9:

  • Uma: “Yesus said: ‘You (sing.) still do not understand, Filipus! And I have been a long time with you (pl.)! Whoever see me, they also see my Father. So, why do you (sing.) ask that I show you my Father?” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa answered him, he said, ‘As long as I have been here with you (pl.) and you (sing.) still do not know as to who I am, Pilip? Whoever sees me it is really as if he has seen my Father. Therefore why do you (sing.) say that I should show you (sing.) my Father?” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus answered, ‘I have been a long time with you, Philip, and I’m surprised that you don’t know who I am. Because the one who has seen me has already seen my Father God. Why do you want me to show you my Father?” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Whereupon Jesus answered, ‘Felipe, I have been with you (pl.) a long-time, and you (sing.) still don’t know me? The one who has seen me, he has seen my Father. Why then do you (sing.) say that I am to show you (pl.) my Father?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus’ reply said, ‘I’ve been your (pl.) companion for a long time now. Well then, Felipe, don’t you (pl.) yet really recognize/know me? That one who has now seen me, he has now seen the Father also. Well why did you still say that I should show you the Father?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Jesus answered, ‘Philip. We have been together a long time and do you still not know me? He who has seen me has seen the Father. Why do you say that you want me to cause you to see the Father?” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 23:33)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:33:

  • Uma: “‘Hee, you deceivers! Hee, you whose deeds are crooked! Do you think you will escape from punishment in hell?” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You are really bad. You cannot hide from the judgment of being put in hell.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You are like snakes and children of snakes, because your activity is very bad. How will you ever avoid being punished in hell?” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “You are too-much (expression of exasperation and rebuke), (you who are) like deceitful snakes! Will you indeed (sarc. RQ) escape God’s condemning you to be punished in hell?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “You are snakes. You really are deceivers like snakes. You won’t be able to get free from the punishment there in the fire which never dies down.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “You are like snakes who have poison. How can you escape from the punishment of hell?” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Philippians 3:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Philippians 3:10:

  • Uma: “My real desire [is], I want to know Kristus, I want to feel the power that made him cause him to live again from death. I want to receive suffering like he received, to the point that perhaps I die the same as he,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “That is only what I want, that I really know Almasi. That means I want to know the power which caused him to be alive again from his death and I want to endure like he endured the difficulties which came to him. I want/wish that I am just able to follow/obey God’s will like Almasi followed even until/including he died.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The only thing that makes me happy now is the knowledge I have about the customs of Christ and His giving me power, which is that power that was used to raise Him from the dead. I want also to share in the sufferings which He endured by abandoning my own desires just like He laid down his life.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I have no other purpose but that I come-to-know Cristo properly and experience the power that was Cristo’s when he had come-to-life again. But not only that but rather that I also experience his suffering/hardship and join him in dying.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “What I am really after now is that I will know Cristo even better, and that I will experience in my life the strength of the supernatural-power which comes from him because he was made alive again. I really want to be able to share in the hardships which were experienced by Cristo, and as-it-were to be able to share also in his death for I am making myself like him in his obeying the will of God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “What I want now is that I know well Christ. I want to encounter the power of God, that which was manifested when Christ was resurrected. Therefore like Christ did, in that he was killed, also I give up my life now, even though it means that I die.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 15:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 15:10:

  • Uma: “If you follow my commands, you really stay close to me and you really experience my love, like I also follow the commands of my Father and I stay close to him and experience his love.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If you follow/obey my commandments, my love remains in/with you. Like I, I follow/obey the commandments of my Father and his love remains with/in me.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “If you carry out my commands to you, you cannot be removed from my holding you dear here in my breath, just like I carry out my Father’s commands to me and I also cannot be removed from his holding me dear in his breath.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “You will benefit-from/enjoy continually this love of mine for you provided you obey my commands. It’s the same with me, because I also obey my Father’s commands and I continually benefit-from/enjoy his love.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “If you are always following/obeying my commands, you will greatly be able to observe/sense my holding you dear. Like me, I have followed/obeyed all of the commands of my Father, therefore I really can observe/sense his holding me dear.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “If you do what I order then I will continue to love you. I do what my Father orders me and so he loves me.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 24:26)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 24:26:

  • Uma: “‘So, if someone says to you: ‘Look, the Redeemer King is there in the uninhabited prairie!’ don’t you go. If they say: ‘Look, there he is in the house!’ don’t you believe it.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore when they say to you, ‘Look there he is in the lonely place (wilderness),’ do not go there. When they say, ‘Look, he is hiding here,’ do not believe it.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And if someone says, ‘Look, there in the wilderness is the king that God chose,’ don’t you listen to that person who speaks. And if someone says, ‘He is hiding here,’ don’t you believe that one who is speaking.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Therefore if they say, ‘Look, the Messiah is in the place of no inhabitants,’ don’t go. If they also say, ‘Look, he is here hiding,’ don’t believe it.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore if they say to you, ‘Cristo is there now in the wilderness place,’ don’t go there. If they say ‘There he is inside the house,’ don’t believe it.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “If any person should say to you, ‘There in the wilds is the Christ,’ they will say to you, don’t go to where they tell you. Or if they say to you, ‘There in the room in secret is where he is,’ they will say to you, don’t believe them.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Colossians 1:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Colossians 1:1:

  • Uma: “This letter is from me, Paulus, who was raised/lifted by God to become a messenger [apostle] of Kristus Yesus according-to / following his will, and from Timotius, our one-faith relative,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “This letter is from me, Paul and from our (incl.) sibling Timoteo. From the desire/will of God, I was commissioned by Isa Almasi being commanded to proclaim/preach his message.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for me Paul, and our (incl.) brother Timothy, we send our greetings to you there. I am an apostle sent by Jesus Christ because it was what God wanted.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I am Pablo who am an apostle of Cristo Jesus according to what God wanted. My companion here is our sibling/cousin (henceforth brother) Timoteo.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Our (excl.) siblings in believing there in Colosas, there-(with-you) is our (excl.) letter, I Pablo who am an apostle of Cristo Jesus according to the determined-plan of God, and Timoteo who is also our sibling in believing. I am writing to you who are now united/tied-together with Cristo, you who have now been separated out by God as his people now, who truly believe/obey this Cristo. I am praying that hopefully with you always is the grace/mercy and peace of mind/inner-being which God our Father gives.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I am Paul, whom God appointed to be a representative of Jesus Christ. Along with our brother Timothy.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Aguaruna: “It’s me. I am Paul. I am the one sent by Jesus Christ, because God said ‘do thus.’ Timothy, Jesus’ follower, he is also with me.” (Source: Larson 1998, p. 149)