Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Revelation 4:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 4:5:

  • Uma: “From the Seat in the middle the shining of lightning was flashing and the shaking sound of thunder was booming. In front of that Seat there were seven burning torches. Those torches mean the Seven Spirits of God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And from that throne in the middle there came flashes of lightning and thunder claps and rolling thunder. There were also seven flaming lamps/torches (sulariyan) in front of that throne. If explained, those seven lamps are the Spirit of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for that seat of the one ruling, the lightning flashed around it and thunder rolled. And in front of this seat were seven flaming lamps which are the seven powers of the Holy Spirit which God sends out.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There were also flashes of lightning and roaring thunder which were coming from the center throne, and in front of it, there were seven flaming lights which are the illustration of God’s Spirit whose power has seven manifestations.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “It’s like coming from that king’s seat lightning was flashing, accompanied by claps of thunder without let-up. Right in the presence of that seat there were what were flaming which were seven lamps, these being a representation of the Espiritu Santo.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “There where God sat was where lightning came forth and from there was thunder when he spoke. In front of the chair of God there were seven lights burning brightly. These represent the power of the Holy Spirit.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 5:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 5:3:

  • Uma: “And not only that, we are also glad in the sufferings that hit us. For we know, from those sufferings we become able to endure.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Not only that, but we (incl.) also are glad even though we (incl.) are hard-pressed because we (incl.) know that because of our (incl.) hardship finally we (incl.) know how to endure.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And that’s not all, because these difficulties which we are passing through are being paid back with joy, for we (incl.) know that by means of these difficulties which we are passing through we are taught to endure.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And it is not only that that we are happy-about but rather we are also happy in our being hardshipped, because we know that hardship brings-into-being patience/endurance.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But it is not just concerning the good God will give that we rejoice about, rather when we suffer we also rejoice. Because when one suffers there is how he can begin to endure the suffering he goes through.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 9:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 9:25:

  • Noongar: “If a person gains everything in the world but loses his life, he does not gain anything, does he? No!” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “What is the purpose/What good is it [if] we gather all the riches of the worlds, but our souls themselves suffer-loss because we do not reach good life in the future.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For a person, even if he would own all the wealth in the world, it isn’t of any use if he does not have everlasting life and he will yet be punished.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Even if a person can come to own the whole world, it’s of no value to him if he cannot come to own the life which has no end, and he will be punished besides.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “For what do-you-suppose will a person be-able-to-benefit if he comes-to-own the entire world and then his life is lost and he is punished forever?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For what good does it do a person, even supposing all the wealth in the world becomes his, if his soul/spirit will be lost because is has to go there to hardship/suffering which has no ending?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 6:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 6:12:

  • Uma: “After that, I saw that Lamb open the sixth seal. Suddenly there was a big earthquake, the sun became black like sugar-palm-fiber, and the moon became red all over like blood.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then I saw the Sheep remove the sixth seal. Immediately there was a strong earthquake. The sun became black like black cloth (naynay) and the moon became red like blood.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then I saw that the young sheep removed the sixth mark on the scroll. And then it earthquaked very strongly and the sun became black like sackcloth which was very black. And the moon became red like blood.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “As I was watching, the Sheep detached the sixth thing-that-was-adhering/affixed. There was right-away a very-strong earthquake. The sun became-dark like black cloth and the moon, it became-dark-reddish like blood.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then I saw that the sixth fastening was removed next by the one referred to as Young Sheep. What else but the earth shook with maximum strength. And then the sun became pitch-black. Well, as for the moon, it became red just like blood.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Then the Lamb broke the sixth seal. Then I saw that the earth shook violently. The sun became black like black cloth. The moon became like the redness of blood.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 6:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 6:14:

  • Uma: “For as for us, we are no longer controlled by sin. For we are no longer bound/tied to the Lord’ Law. Now we hope in the grace [lit., white insides] of God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You (pl.) ought/must not be defeated by your sin, because God helps you because of his love and pity/mercy to you and the law has no longer authority over you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For it is no longer necessary that that which controls us are evil desires, because we are no longer trusting in obedience to the Law but rather, we are trusting the help and the favor of God to us.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because (reassurance particle) sin will not again rule us, because now, the basis of our salvation is not our obedience to the law but rather God’s grace.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the sin which grabbed our hearts to rule us, now no longer will it rule us. The law which judged concerning our sins now no longer judges us. Because God by his grace saved us.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “Because it is not necessary that you do sin any more because the word of the law no longer orders you about, rather the word of favor orders you about.”
  • Central Tarahumara: “And evil deeds shall no longer have power over you, because you are no longer commanded like Moses’s writing commanded you. Only God lovingly commands you.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Luke 9:57)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 9:57:

  • Noongar: “As they went on their way, a man said to Jesus, ‘I will follow you everywhere you go.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “On their journey, there was a person who said to Yesus: ‘Wherever you (sing.) go, Lord, I want to follow you (sing.).'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “While they were traveling, a person spoke to Isa, he said, ‘Sir, I want to follow you wherever you go.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And while they were walking, there was a person who said to Jesus, ‘I will go with you wherever you go.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “As they were walking-along there was a man who said to Jesus, ‘I will follow you (sing.) even wherever you (sing.) go.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “While they were still traveling, someone said to Jesus, ‘I really will go along with you wherever you go.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 8:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 8:10:

  • Uma: “The third angel blew his trumpet, suddenly there fell from the sky a large star, flaming like a torch. That star fell on one third of the rivers and headwaters.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then the third angel blew (the thing) like a tabuli’ that had been given to him. When he blew it, immediately a large star like a burning torch (tied coconut leaf) fell from the sky onto one part of the rivers/waters and the springs on earth. Two parts were not fallen onto.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then the third angel blew his trumpet, and there fell from heaven a great star flaming like a lamp, and it fell on a third of the waters and a third of the springs.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “After that the third angel blew-his-horn, and there was a large star that was-flaming which fell from heaven and struck a third of the rivers and springs.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When the third angel blew his horn, there fell a big star which came from the sky/heavens. It was really blazing, just like a wind-blown fire. Where it fell on was the third part of the rivers and springs.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The third angel blew the trumpet. There fell a large star from heaven then. It was burning much. The star arrived where are the rivers and streams come out. But it didn’t come to half of the water on the earth where it arrived.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 7:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 7:23:

  • Uma: “But I don’t end up following the Lord’s Law, because there is another power in my life that defeats me. In my heart I really want to follow the Lord’s Law, but the power of sin in my life is at-odds with what my heart wants, with the result that I am defeated by sin.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But there is also something in my liver urging me telling/commanding me not to follow/obey the law approved-of/consented-to (by) my thinking/mind. It is really as if I were the slave of my inborn sinning/old nature therefore I can’t-do-anything-about-it.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, here in my body something different controls me for the evil desires of my body that I transgress the right custom that my breath wants. It’s as if I am a slave to my evil desires and I have to obey the desires of my body.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “but I-now-realize that what is ruling my body is different. And this that is ruling my body, which is my sinfulness, it wars-against God’s law which my mind desires/likes so that I sin. Thus the result is that I am as if a prisoner of my sinfulness.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But in my heart there was a thought that didn’t look well upon the good I decided that I would do. This word though, is what was caused by sin which had grabbed my heart. It didn’t let me do good.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)