chariot

The Hebrew, Latin, Ge’ez, and Greek that is translated into English as “chariot” is translated into Anuak as “canoe pulled by horse.” “Canoe” is the general term for “vehicle” (source: Loren Bliese). Similarly it is translated in Lokạạ as ukwaa wạ nyanyang ntuuli or “canoe that is driven by horses.” (Source: J.A. Naudé, C.L. Miller Naudé, J.O. Obono in Acta Theologica 43/2, 2023, p. 129ff. )
Other translations include:

  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “cart pulled by horses” (source: Larson 1998, p. 98)
  • Chichicapan Zapotec: “ox cart” (in Acts 8) (ox carts are common vehicles for travel) (source: Loren Bliese)
  • Chichimeca-Jonaz, it is translated as “little house with two feet pulled by two horses” (source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Hausa Common Language Bible as keken-doki or “cart of donkey” (source: Andy Warren-Rothlin)
  • Mairasi: “going-thing [vehicle]” (source: Enggavoter 2004)

It is illustrated for use in Bible translations in East Africa by Pioneer Bible Translators like this:

Image owned by PBT and Jonathan McDaniel and licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

See also cart.

complete verse (Nahum 3:2)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Nahum 3:2:

  • Kupsabiny: “People who whip (the) horses and/with squeaking chariot wheels will attack (it). Their horses gallop along and (the) chariots swing from side to side.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Listen, the noise of whips,
    the noise of wheels.
    The noise of galloping horses,
    the screeching noise of chariots.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “They will- surely -be-attacked by their enemies. They will-hear the slapping of the whips against the horses, the rattling/clattering of the wheels of the chariots, the galloping of the feet of the horses, and the clattering of the chariots.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But now listen to the enemy soldiers coming to attack Nineveh;
    listen to them cracking their whips,
    and listen to the rattle of their chariot wheels!
    Listen to their galloping horses
    and their chariots as they bounce along!” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Nahum 3:2

Here Nahum imagines he is watching the final assault of the enemy chariots as the city falls. In four phrases he picks out four outstanding features of the scene. Good News Translation introduces the verse with “Listen!” an exclamation which is intended to make the reader feel as if he too were present at the scene.

The crack of whip: crack is a term in English to describe the noise made by the whips. Whips were used to encourage horses to go faster. Another way of rendering this clause is “the cracking sound of whips.” In certain languages in Africa and elsewhere, this verse may be a good place to use ideophones.

Rumble of wheel is the noise made by the wheels of the attacking chariots as they rush forward. Good News Translation “rattle” is probably more appropriate. Here again an ideophone can be used to good effect in certain languages.

Galloping horse: the word translated galloping does not occur anywhere else and its meaning is not certain. Some form of the word “gallop” is used by most English translations. This gives an impression both of swift movement and of the noise of the horses’ hoofs beating on the ground. One can also say “the thud of horses’ hoofs.”

Bounding chariot: for notes on chariot see comments on 2.3. The chariots bounce as they speed over the uneven ground. There is a similarity of sound between the two Hebrew words in this phrase. One can obtain something of the same effect in English by saying “the charging of chariots,” but it is not possible to do this in many languages, and it is not of any great importance to do so. A possible rendering is “the rattling sound of racing chariots.”

In Revised Standard Version the nouns of this verse, whip, wheel, horse, and chariot, are all singular. The prophet mentions one sample of each item as representing many. In other languages it may be more appropriate to translate as plural, as Good News Translation does (compare Moffatt, New American Bible, New English Bible, New International Version, Traduction œcuménique de la Bible, Bible en français courant).

Quoted with permission from Clark, David J. & Hatton, Howard A . A Handbook on the Book of Nahum. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1989. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .