beget (was the father of)

The Greek that is translated as “beget” (or “begat” in the past tense) in older English versions and “was the father of” in more recent ones is translated into Latvian with dzemdināt: “make to give birth” (from dzemdēt “give birth”).

genealogy in Matthew 1

Genealogies play an important role among many of Indonesian language groups and it’s important to follow the right format to make them recognizable as such. Daniel Arichea explains (in The Bible Translator 1986. p. 232ff. ):

“In translating the genealogies, we need to pay attention to the standard form of genealogical lists in the language of translation. Among the Bataks, it was discovered after some research that the genealogies are recorded in the form of a list of ancestors. Furthermore, this list almost always starts from the ancestor and goes down to the descendants. This seems to be true also for many other Indonesian groups, although there are some variations. For the genealogies to have meaning among the Bataks and other groups of similar cultures, these genealogies must be in a form which is appropriate.

“In Matthew 1:2-16, the biblical form is strange to many Indonesians. (…) The second edition of the Common Language Indonesian New Testament (Alkitab dalam Bahasa Indonesia Masa Kini) discarded the biblical form and came out with a series of ancestral lists. (…) When this was tested, however, many Indonesians did not recognize these lists as genealogical lists, but saw them simply as a list of names. In the light of such reactions, the new edition which is included in the recently published common language Bible has printed these lists as genealogical lists moving downward from the ancestors to the descendants. Thus, verse 2 reads: “From Abraham until David, the names of the ancestors of Jesus are as follows” [which is then followed by a list].”

You can see this in the following screen capture (available right here ):



Similarly to that, Joanne Shetler (1992) describes the impact of the genealogy in the Balangao language of the Philippines:

“Then one day Ama [the co-translator and Christian leader] casually picked up an English New Testament from my shipping-crate desk. He opened it to the first page, Matthew 1, which is a list of names. He stood frozen, staring at it. Incredulous, he asked me, ‘You mean this has a genealogy in it?’

“I said, ‘Yeah, but just skip over that so you can get to the good part.’

“‘You mean this is true?’ he asked. Eyes riveted to the page, he struggled through the list of names.

“Something’s going on here! I got some shelf paper and made a genealogy from Adam to Jesus, from the ceiling clear down to the floor. Ama took it all over the village. He carefully explained, ‘We always thought it was the rock and the banana plant that gave birth to people. But we don’t have their names written down. Look, here are ALL the names—written down!’

“Balangaos had their own creation story, passed down from generation to generation through oral tradition. Ama told me their story:

“Long ago, when there were no people yet on the earth, the rock and the banana plant argued as to which of them would give birth to people and populate the earth. In the course of events, it was the frail banana plant from whom all the people of the earth descended. After producing fruit, the banana plant dies and new shoots spring up for succeeding generations. People have inherited all the frailty of the banana plant and are susceptible to all kinds of dangers and inevitably, death.

“Although their story accounted for man’s frailty, it didn’t have their ancestors’ names written down. A genealogy written was powerful. Balangaos loved that genealogy from the Gospel of Matthew. It proved the Bible was true: for the first time they had the actual names from the beginning of the world — written down.

In the Kölsch translation (Boch 2017), the genealogy is summarized: “From Abraham to David there were fourteen generations. There were another fourteen generations from David until the Jews were deported to Babylon and from Babylon to Jesus there were yet another fourteen generations. This shows that Joseph (Jupp), Mary’s husband, was a descendant of Abraham and David.” (Translation: Jost Zetzsche)

complete verse (Matthew 1:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 1:12:

  • Uma: “From the captivity of the Yahudi people going to Babel until the birth of Yesus, the names of the ancestors of Yesus are these: Yekhonya was the progenitor of Sealtiel, Sealtiel was the progenitor of Zerubabel,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “From the time of the deportation of the people of Isra’il to Babilon to the birth of Isa, these are the ancestors listed: Jekoniya was the father of Salati, Salati was the father of Serubbabel, Serubbabel was the father of Abiyud, Abiyud was the father of Eliyakim, Eliyakim was the father of Asor, Asor was the father of Sadok, Sadok was the father of Akim, Akim was the father of Eliyud, Eliyud was the father of Eleyasar, Eleyasar was the father of Mattan, Mattan was the father of Yakub, Yakub was the father of Yusup the husband of Mariyam. Mariyam was the mother of Isa called the Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now when the Israelites were already carried to Babylon Jeconiah had an offspring and his offspring was Sheatiel. Sheatiel was the father of Zerubbabel.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When it was finished that the Jews had-been-removed from their country, Sealtiel was born whose father was Jeconias. Sealtiel was the father of Zerubbabel.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “After the Israelita had been captured and taken there to Babilonia, Jeconias and wife gave birth to Salatiel, who was the father of Zorobabel.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Afterwards Jechoniah was the father of Shealtiel. Shealtiel was the father of Zerubbabel.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Translation commentary on Matthew 1:12

And after the deportation to Babylon (Good News Translation “From the time after the exile in Babylon”) is based on 1 Chronicles 3.17. This verse clearly indicates that Matthew is basing his genealogical references on the Septuagint rather than on the Hebrew, since the Hebrew text lists Zerubbabel as the son of Pedaiah (1 Chr 3.19), while the Septuagint lists him as the son of Shealtiel.

Translators who choose to introduce each section of the genealogy with a summary from verse 17, as in verses 2 and 6b, will do the same here: “From the time after the people of Israel were carried away to Babylon until Jesus was born, these were his ancestors” or “These are the names of Jesus’ ancestors who were born (or, who lived) after the time the people of Israel were taken into Babylon (right up) until his own time.”

For deportation and Babylon, see comments on verse 11.

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Stine, Philip C. A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1988. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .