The Greek that is translated as “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” or similar in English is translated in the Kölsch translation by Boch 2017 as Vatter, wills do nix mieh vun mer wesse? or “Father, do you no longer wish to have anything to do with me?” (Source: Jost Zetzsche)
See also forsake / abandon (Japanese honorifics).
The Greek and Hebrew terms that are translated as “hypocrite” in English typically have a counterpart in most languages. According to Bratcher / Nida (1961, p. 225), they can be categorized into the following categories:
Following is a list of (back-) translations from some languages:
The Latvian term liekulis was likely coined by the Bible translation of Ernst Glück (1654–1705) in the late 17th century and is still being used today (source ).
The English version of Sarah Ruden (2021) uses “play-actor.” She explains (p. li): “A hupokrites is fundamentally an actor. The word has deep negativity in the Gospels on two counts: professional actors were not respectable people in the ancient world, and traditional Judaism did not countenance any kind of playacting. I write ‘play-actor’ throughout.”
See also hypocrisy.
The Greek in Matthew 4:11 that is translated in English as “the devil left him” or similar is translated in the Kölsch translation by Boch 2017 with the common idiom do hätt sich der Deuvel usem Stöpp jemaat or “then the devil made himself scarce.” The literal translation of the idiom is “to escape (while still being protected) by the dust (of the battle),” creating a clever image since the “battle” took place in the (dusty) desert. (Source: Jost Zetzsche)
The Greek that is translated as “awestruck” or similar in English is translated in the Kölsch translation (Boch 2017) with the colloquialism Bauklötz jestaunt, lit. “marvel toy blocks.” (Source: Jost Zetzsche)
For the term in Matthew 4:9 that is translated as “fall down” or “kneel down” in English, Fuyug uses an idiomatic expression that says “kneel at my roots” (as of a tree).
In the Kölsch translation (publ. 2017) it is translated as “lie on your nose.” (Source: Jost Zetzsche)
See also knee / kneel and kneel / fall down / worship.
The Greek that is translated as “astonished” or “amazed” or “marvel” in English is translated in Pwo Karen as “stand up very tall.” (In John 5:20, source: David Clark)
Elsewhere it is translated as “confusing the inside of the head” (Mende), “shiver in the liver” (Uduk, Laka), “to lose one’s heart” (Mískito, Tzotzil), “to shake” (Southern Bobo Madaré), “to be with mouth open” (Panao Huánuco Quechua) (source: Bratcher / Nida), “to stand with your mouth open” (Citak) (source: Stringer 2007, p. 120), “ceasing to think with the heart” (Bulu), “surprise in the heart” (Yamba) (source for this and one above: W. Reyburn in The Bible Translator 1959, p. 1ff. ), or “have one’s mouth full” (Maan (source: Don Slager).
In Mark 5:20 and elsewhere where the astonishment is a response to listening to Jesus, the translation is “listen quietly” in Central Tarahumara, “forget listening” (because they were so absorbed in what they heard that they forgot everything else) in San Miguel El Grande Mixtec, “it was considered very strange by them” in Tzeltal (source: Bratcher / Nida), “in glad amazement” (to distinguish it from other kinds of amazement) (Quetzaltepec Mixe) (source: Robert Bascom), or “breath evaporated (or “escaped”)” (Mairasi) (source: Enngavoter 2004).
In Western Dani astonishment is emphasized with direct speech. In Mark 1:22, for instance, it says: “Wi!” yinuk, pi wareegwaarak — “They were all amazed, saying ‘Oh'” (source: Lourens De Vries in The Bible Translator 1992, p. 333ff. )
In Low German it is translated as grote Oken maken or “make big eyes” (sometime followed by: un kreegn dat Stillswiegen: “and became silent”) (translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006).
In the Kölsch translation (Boch 2017) it is translated as brummte de Lück de Kopp or “the heads of the people buzzed,” Bauklötz jestaunt, lit. “marvel toy blocks,” and vür Staune de Muhl nit mieh zojekräch or “so full of marvel that they couldn’t close their mouths again.”
In the Pfälzisch translation by Walter Sauer (publ. 2012) it is often translated as baff vor staune or “speechless because of their marvel.” (Source: Jost Zetzsche)
See also amazed and astonished, astonished (Mark 6:51), and I’m astonished.
The Greek that is translated as “howl” or similar in English is translated in the Kölsch translation (Boch 2017) as jebröllt wie am Spieß, literally “screamed as if pierced on a skewer.” (Source: Jost Zetzsche)
The Greek that is rendered as “in his right mind” or “sound-minded” in English is translated in the following ways: