“It is unusual for anyone to seek out another at night unless it is desired to be kept secret. Betel nut and condiments are laid out to welcome the guest even at the late hour. Nicodemus’s robe and bared shoulder show he is a religious devotee.”
Following are a number of back-translations of John 3:20:
Uma: “All people who do evil behavior hate the light. They do not want to come to the light so that their evil behavior will not be visible.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “All who do bad really hate the light and they do not come near the light because they don’t want their bad deeds to be seen.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He who does bad, he does not want the light, and he does not come near to the light because he does not want that his bad deeds will be known.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Because those who are doing evil, they dislike/reject the light (silaw), and they don’t approach-it lest their sins be shown.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “The one who is doing evil, he really doesn’t like/want this light. He doesn’t want to come close because his activity which is evil will be made clear.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “All who do evil do not want it to be known. Therefore they do not look favorably on the Son of God, and do not want to go near to him.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Anyone who does evil things is a Semitism, as is the contrasting expression in the following verse, whoever does what is true.
His evil deeds is literally “his deeds.” Several Greek manuscripts do include “evil,” but Good News Translation includes this information on translational, rather than on textual grounds. That is, either Good News Translation make explicit the meaning of “deeds” in the context, or, more likely, the meaning of evil is derived from the verb (see below).
Having already suggested in the preceding verse that light involves the revelation of truth, it may be possible in this verse to eliminate any specific identification or qualification for light; one may, for example, say “anyone who customarily does evil always hates the light of truth” or “… the light which reveals the truth.” The following expression may then be translated “and he will not come to where there is this light.”
The verb to be shown up (evil) is translated “to be shown up” by New English Bible also. Moffatt, Goodspeed, Phillips, Revised Standard Version, Jerusalem Bible and New American Bible all have “to be exposed.” The Greek verb itself (elencho) means, first, “to bring to light” or “to expose,” and then “to convince/convict (someone) of something.” Depending on the context, the meaning may be specifically either “to expose (something to be evil/wrong)” or “to convince/convict (someone) of something (evil/wrong).” In 8.46 (see the comments there) the meaning is “to convict (of sin),” and so Good News Translation renders prove … guilty of sin. In 16.8 (see the comments there), a very difficult passage, the same verb is used of the Holy Spirit who will “convict the world about sin,” that is, will prove to the people of the world that they are wrong about sin. In the present passage no personal object is used; it is as in the other two passages where this verb occurs, and so the meaning is simply “to expose (as evil).” This meaning is apparently the basis for the rendering evil (deeds) to be shown up; though this rendering may also be supported by the observation that in the present context “deeds” are implicitly evil deeds.
The passive expression to be shown up may possibly be transformed into an active phrase by saying “because such a person does not want the light to reveal to others his evil deeds” or “… does not want the light to shine on his evil actions.”
Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of John. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1980. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
