Paul

The term that is transliterated as “Paul” in English means “little.” (Source: Cornwall / Smith 1997 )

In American Sign Language it is translated with a sign that signifies the many letters he wrote. (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)


“Paul” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor

In Spanish Sign Language it is translated with a sign depicting putting away a sword, referring to his conversion from a persecutor of Christians to a Christian leader. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Paul (and Saul)” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

In Hungarian Sign Language it is translated with a sign that is based on contemporary depictions and refers to the presumed baldness of the top of his head. The description originates from the 2nd-century apocryphal text titled Acts of Paul and Thecla , which represents the earliest and most detailed physical characterization of the apostle in Christian tradition (see also the icon below). (Source: Jenjelvi Biblia and HSL Bible Translation Group)


“Paul” in Hungarian Sign Language — note that only the first part refers to “Paul,” the second part refers to “apostle” (source )

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

Following is a Georgian Orthodox icon of Paul the Apostle from the 14th century (located in the Art Museum of Georgia, Tbilisi).

Orthodox Icons are not drawings or creations of imagination. They are in fact writings of things not of this world. Icons can represent our Lord Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the Saints. They can also represent the Holy Trinity, Angels, the Heavenly hosts, and even events. Orthodox icons, unlike Western pictures, change the perspective and form of the image so that it is not naturalistic. This is done so that we can look beyond appearances of the world, and instead look to the spiritual truth of the holy person or event. (Source )

Down below you’ll see an ivory carving that is located in the Musée national du Moyen-âge in Paris from the Byzantine empire of the 6th or early 7th century:

Source: Wikimedia

The following is a contemporary stained glass window from the Messiah Episcopal Church in St. Paul, Minnesota by Peter Dohmen. Individual glass pieces were made in Germany in accordance with Dohmen’s design, using a technique first developed by Irish monks in the 9th and 10th centuries.

Source for the image and description below: The Stained Glass Windows of Messiah Episcopal Church

“This window is dedicated to St. Paul, the great apostle and missionary, for whom our city is named. At the top of the window is a ship which symbolizes the many missionary journeys of Paul — the Church is our ship, which carries us over the way of life. In the lower section we see Paul on the road to Damascus when he saw a great light and heard our Lord’s voice, which called him to discipleship.”

Stained glass is not just highly decorative, it’s a medium which has been used to express important religious messages for centuries. Literacy was not widespread in the medieval and Renaissance periods and the Church used stained glass and other artworks to teach the central beliefs of Christianity. In Gothic churches, the windows were filled with extensive narrative scenes in stained glass — like huge and colorful picture storybooks — in which worshipers could ‘read’ the stories of Christ and the saints and learn what was required for their religious salvation. (Source: Victoria and Albert Museum )

Click or tap here to see a short video clip about Paul (source: Bible Lands 2012)

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Paul .

complete verse (Acts 23:33)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 23:33:

  • Uma: “When they arrived in Kaisarea, they handed over to the Governor the letter from their head, and Paulus also they handed over into the power of the Governor.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “They brought Paul to Kesarea and when they arrived there, they gave the letter to the governor and they handed Paul over to him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they went on to Caesarea and they gave the letter to the governor and they turned Paul over to him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Upon their arrival in Cesarea, they gave the letter to the governor, and they handed-over Pablo to him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When those who had continued on arrived in Cesarea, the letter was given to the governor and Pablo was handed over to him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

Translation commentary on Acts 23:33

They took him to Caesarea actually translates a participial phrase meaning “when they had entered Caesarea.” Although a number of modern translators render this participial phrase by a finite verb, most of them evidently prefer to retain the idea of “they entered Caesarea.”

Turned Paul over to him may simply be rendered as “put Paul under the charge of Governor Felix” or, as in some languages, “they said to Governor Felix, Paul is now your responsibility.”

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on The Acts of the Apostles. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1972. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on Acts 23:33

23:33a

arrived in: This phrase in Greek is literally “entered into.” That is the usual way in Greek to speak of arriving at a city from some other place. In English, the usual way is arrived in or “went to.” In English, “went to” implies entering the city. Use the usual way of going to a city in your language.

Caesarea: See how you spelled this name in 23:23.

23:33b

delivered the letter to the governor: The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as delivered was the usual term for formally giving an official letter or document to someone with authority.

Some languages have a formal word like the Greek. If that is true in your language, you may want to use it here. Some languages do not have a formal word like the Greek. For example:

gave the letter to the governor (Contemporary English Version)

governor: Felix was ruler over the Roman province of Judea. He decided matters relating to people of that area, including court cases. Consider what word or phrase to use for that meaning. See how you translated this word in 23:24.

23:33c

and presented Paul to him: The Greek clause indicates that the soldiers presented Paul to him after giving the letter to the governor. The Greek clause also has the word that means “also” here. For example:

they presented Paul also before him (Revised Standard Version)

presented Paul: Here the soldiers brought Paul before the governor. This was the first time that the governor met Paul. The governor would then decide what to do with Paul after reading the letter. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

handed Paul over (New International Version)
-or-
put Paul in front of him
-or-
led Paul to meet him

The context implies that Paul was now under the authority of the governor.

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