The Greek in 1 Thessalonians 5:22 that is translated as “every form of evil” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) with alle Verkleidungen des Satans or “all disguises of Satan.”
Peter - rock
The word pun that Jesus makes in Matthew 16:18 in Greek (using similar words for “Peter” and “rock”: πετρος and πετρα) is lost in most languages (such as in English) but is naturally preserved in some languages, such as French (Pierre and pierre), Portuguese (Pedro and pedra), Italian (Pietro and pietra), Latin (Petrus and petram), Corsican (Petru and petra), Friulian (Pièri and pière), Occitan (Pèire and pèiro), Sicilian (Petru and petra), Modern Greek (Πέτρος and πέτρα), and — to a lesser degree — in Spanish (Pedro and piedra) and in Romanian (Petru and piatră).
Despite the similarity between the words in those languages, readers might not automatically catch the word play, as Carlo Buzzetti (in The Bible Translator 1983, p. 308ff. ) explains for Italian (click here to read more)
“In many languages it is not possible to repeat the same word, because the equivalent of Petros has become a personal name, while the equivalent of petra is a common noun, the gender of which may be different from that of the equivalent of Petros. The Italian linguistic situation seems at first sight to be very similar to the Greek: to translate Petros—petra we can use Pietro—pietra. But unfortunately this conveys a different meaning to the average Italian reader: first, because Pietro is now not a new nickname, but a common traditional personal name; and second, because pietra is a feminine noun similar in form to Pietro, but carrying no suggestion that the two have the same meaning. Indeed, Pietro, like ‘Peter’ and most personal names, carries no meaning at all for the average reader or speaker.
“The common language translators felt that it was possible to make the identification between Petros and petra explicit, and at the same time exploit the similarity between the two words. We thus translated: tu sei Pietro e su di te, come su una pietra, io costruirò la mia comunità [in the original Common Language Version: Chiesa] (‘you are Peter and on you, as on a rock, I will build my community [originally: ‘Church’]. Our te (‘you’) connected Pietro and pietra. while our come (‘as’) expressed the fact that the connection was based on an image. In this way we suggested the meaning of Pietro.”
Like the Peshitta translation in Syriac Aramaic (Classical Syriac) with the term ܟܹܐܦܵܐ (kēpā), the Neo-Aramaic languages of Assyrian and Chaldean use terms for both “Peter” and “rock” (and “Cephas”) that are identical (ܟܹܐܦܵܐ and كِيپَا, both pronounced kēpā) so the word pun is preserved in those translations as well. (Source: Ken Bunge)
In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999), the meaning of the pun is somewhat recreated by its translation of Petrus, Felsenmann or “Peter, rock man.”
See also Cephas and this lectionary in The Christian Century .
he found a Jew named Aquila
The Greek in Acts 18:2 that is translated as “he found a Jew named Aquila” in English is translated in Tzotzil as “he found one of his own people called Aquila” because a more literal translation would have implied that Paul is non-Jewish (source: Callow 1972, p. 35)
In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) it says Aquila war ein Judenchrist or “Aquila was a Jewish Christian.”
See also the Jews plotted to kill him.
Holy Father
The Greek in John 17:11 that is translated as “Holy Father” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) as Vater, Heiliger or “Father, Holy One.”
See also Righteous Father.
name of mystery
The Greek in Revelation 17:5 that is translated as “name of mystery” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) as Deckname or “alias (or: “code name”).”
faint
while the bridegroom is with them
The Greek that is translated as “while the bridegroom is with them” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) with während der künftige Bräutigam mit ihnen die Vorhochzeit feiert or “while the future bridegroom celebrates the pre-wedding with them.”
those eighteen who were killed when the tower of Siloam fell on them
The Greek in Luke 1:34 that is translated as “those eighteen who were killed when the tower of Siloam fell on them” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) with “those eighteen who recently were killed when the tower of Siloam collapsed.”
