Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Acts 28:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 28:22:

  • Uma: “However, we do want to hear your (sing.) teaching speaking about the Redeemer King. Because we have heard people all over rejecting that teaching of yours(s).'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But we (excl.) want to hear what you believe in, because we (excl.) know that everywhere this teaching that you follow is being opposed by the people.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “We would like to listen to your teaching so that we might investigate it, because we know that those who believe in the doctrine that you teach, people everywhere are against them.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But we (excl.) do know however that people in the various-towns/countries speak-evil-of your (sing.) companions who are following Jesus, so we (excl.) would still want to hear what is in your (sing.) thoughts.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “However, since you are here now, we want to hear what you can tell concerning this believing of yours. For all we know is that, no matter which land, the ones who believe-in/obey that teaching are really being opposed.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 7:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 7:2:

  • Noongar: “A boss of the Roman soldiers (lit.: “men of fighting”), he lived in that village. The boss loved his servant but the servant was very sick and close to death. ” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “In that town, there was a Roman army warchief, he had a slave whom he loved very much. That slave was extremely sick, near to death.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Na, there in that town there was a captain of the Roman army. He had a manservant who was very sick and was almost dying. He really loved this servant.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And there was a person who was not a Jew, the captain of a hundred soldiers, and he had a man-servant whom he loved very much. And this servant was severely sick and was about to die.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There was a captain of soldiers there who was from-Roma who had a servant that he loved. This servant of his was sick and close to dying.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “There was a Romano there who was a captain of soldiers. He had a servant/erand-runner whom he valued, who was so sick that it couldn’t get worse.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Jude 1:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Jude 1:4:

  • Uma: “Relatives whom I love! My purpose at first, I was going to write to you a letter, speaking of the goodness that we receive all-together from God. But now, I feel like there is something urging/forcing me to change my first purpose. For there are people in our midst who are bringing wrong teaching. That’s why I say/think I had better write you a letter to strengthen your hearts to oppose those who carry that false teaching. Because God announced/delivered the true teaching to all people whom he-has-made-his-portion so that we believe it, and that teaching must/may not be changed. Those people who carry false teaching, they have entered into our midst, they say they are our one-faith relatives. But actually they do not submit to God. They say that we may satisfy the evil desires of our hearts, because God is loving. That teaching of theirs is very evil, because they just turn-around/twist the teaching of the white insides [i.e., grace] of God, and they repudiate our one and only King and Lord, He is Yesus Kristus. Those false teachers will certainly be punished. From long ago, there were prophets who foretold the punishment that God made-certain for them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The reason that I instruct you is, because there are people who do not fear God who have mixed in with you and-what-is-more you don’t know it. These people change the teaching about the love and mercy of our (incl.) God so that they can do bad. These people do not believe-obey Isa Almasi, our (incl.) only Master and Lord. It is written in the holy-book of old that people like them will be punished.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The reason it’s necessary for me to say this is because there are some people who have joined themselves to you, but they are hiding the fact that what they believe is not correct. They have no respect for God; they would like to change the true doctrine, for they teach that it is permissible for us to engage in immorality, for they say God is very gracious and he will forgive us just the same. They do not believe that Jesus Christ is our master and our Lord. The prophets of God long ago wrote about what their punishment would be.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because there are reportedly those who have no thoughts toward God who have joined you, concealing/denying their evil motives and character/behavior. They change the truth about God’s grace/mercy, because they say that never-mind reportedly if believers do whatever their bodies desire that is evil and dirty, because God is reportedly (reassurance particle) very-merciful/gracious. Nor do they acknowledge the truth concerning Jesu Cristo who alone is the Lord whom we serve. Their punishment was predicted in the written word of God long-ago.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because there are some who are mixed in with you now whose motives (usually bad connot.) haven’t been grasped/understood by your mind/thinking. As for these people, their following/obeying is really far from the will of God. And from long ago, already contained in the writings was the punishment being held in store for them. Because they’re gently-persuading you with their false teaching which they are substituting concerning the grace/mercy of God. For they say, as long as we have believed, even if we don’t control ourselves but indulge evil desires, nothing at all will happen to our harmony with the Lord, because he is after all gracious/merciful. And they really reject the rule of Jesu-Cristo, for they don’t acknowledge that he only is our Master and Lord/Chief.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because there where you live are some who secretly plan to deceive you. Long ago it was written in the Holy Book that these are the people who will be punished because they do not have the faith. Concerning the mercy God gives, they say that it allows one to do evil. And they deny God who alone has power to have us in his charge. Also they deny our Lord Jesus Christ.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 1:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 1:23:

  • Uma: “They refused to worship God who lives on-and-on without changing. They worshipped idols [pinotau] that they made in the likeness of men who will die. They worship(ed) idols that look like birds or snakes or other animals.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “They do not honor God the one who does not die. That is what they honor images/statues of human beings who die and images of birds, images of animals, and images of what crawls on-top-of the earth.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For they don’t worship the true, powerful God who has no death, but rather the things that they worship are images they make to look like people who have death, or like birds, or like animals, or like snakes.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because what they have been worshipping is not God who never-dies but rather the idols (lit. imitation gods) they have made that resemble the appearance of people who die and things-that-fly, walk and crawl.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because these people do not praise God, he who is supreme and will never die. These people praise idols which have faces like people, who just pass to nothing. They make idols which are birds, they make idols which are snakes, they make idols which are animals with four feet, saying that these are gods.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 7:34)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 7:34:

  • Noongar: “The Son of man came, he ate and he drank, and you say, ‘See this man! He is greedy and drinks strong liquor. He becomes a friend of tax collectors and other evil people.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Its meaning: You do not like Yohanes the Baptizer, you also do not like Me. When Yohanes came, he fasted and did not drink anything intoxicating. You rejected him, you said: ‘He is possessed!’ But when I came, I the Son of Man, I drank, I ate. You just rejected me too, you said: ‘Look at him! A greedy/gluttonous person, a drunkard, the friend of tax collectors and companion of sinners!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then I, the Son of Mankind come and I eat and drink and you say, ‘Look at that person, he is a glutton and a drunkard. His friends are tax collectors and other sinful people.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for me, the older sibling of mankind, I did not fast and I drank wine, and you were surprised and you said that I was a glutton and a habitual drinker of wine. You said also that I am a friend of wicked people like the tax collectors and the transgressors.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “As for me who am Child of a Person, I have-been-eating-with and drinking-with you and you say, ‘Now look at this person! He has-a-large-appetite to eat and he is a drunkard while also he makes-friends-of tax collectors and other sinful people!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then as for me, the One From Heaven Born of Man/human, I go-eating/join-in-feasts and drink what we (incl.) drink. Well, you say, ‘Look at that fellow, a glutton and drinker, he’s a friend of money-grabbing official receivers of payment and other sinners.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 1:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 1:11:

  • Uma: “That speaker said to me, ‘What you (sing.) see, write on a letter/paper and send to my followers who live in these seven villages: in Efesus, Smirna, Pergamus, Tiatira, Sardis, Filadelfia and Laodikia.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The voice said, ‘Write everything you see and send it to the gatherings of people belonging to me in these seven towns: in Epesus, in Ismirna, in Pergamo, in Tatira, in Sardis, in Piladelpi and there in Laodikea.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and it said, ‘What you see, write down and send it to the seven groups of believers there in the towns of Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamos, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and also to the town of Laodicea.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “It said, ‘Write what you (sing.) see so that you (sing.) will send it (via someone) to the seven congregations that are in Efeso, Esmirna, Pergamum, Tiatira, Sardis, Filadelfia and Laodicea.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “What was being said was, ‘You must write whatever thing you will see in a can-be-rolled-up writing-place (i.e. scroll), and then send it to these seven places where there are believers in the Lord, which are at Efeso, Esmirna, Pergamo, Tiatira, Sardis, Filadelfia and Laodicea.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The one who spoke to me said: ‘It is I who was living when all things began to exist, and I will be living at the end. Like the letter A begins and until the end is Z, so am I, continuing to live. Listen John, write down all that you see now. Send these words to the believers who live in seven cities in the land of Asia. These seven cities are the city of Ephesus, the city of Smyrna, the city of Pergamum, the city of Thyatira, the city of Sardis, the city of Philadelphia, the city of Laodicea.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 2:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 2:23:

  • Uma: “Our hearts are so big [proud] relatives, because we [emphatic] have the Lord’s Law that Musa announced long ago. Yet what is the use if we simply disparage God in our not following his commands!” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You boast that you have the law of God but you transgress/break the law therefore God is despised/looked-down-on by the people.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You boast about your obeying the Law; however, you still break the Law, and because of this, God is criticized.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Oh confound you (expression of exasperation and reproof) who boast-about the goodness of God’s law but simultaneously shame him by your breaking that law!” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “They boast, saying they know well the word which the law says. But because they do not do according to the words which the law says, it is their fault that God is not respected by people.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 8:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 8:16:

  • Noongar: “‘No person lights a firestick and hides the light. They don’t put the firestick under a bowl or under a bed. No, they put the fire stick up so people can see the light of the fire if they come to the house.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “‘There is no person who lights a lamp and covers it or puts it under the bed. He definitely puts the lamp in its place so that its shine/light is seen by the people who enter.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa said also, ‘Nobody lights a lamp and then covers it with a bowl or puts it under the bed. But he places the lamp onto a lampstand so that the people who come in see the light.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And there was another parable which Jesus told, he said, ‘A person who lights a lamp, it’s not possible that he will turn a basket upside down over it, or that he puts it underneath a sleeping bench, because he will place it on a holder. And if a person comes in, he will be illuminated.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus also said parabling, ‘No one lights a lamp (kerosene-burning wick type) in order to then cover it with a basin or put it underneath the bed but rather he sets-it-on-top (of something) so it will be bright when a person comes in.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus continued his words. He said, ‘There is no-one who, after lighting a lamp, covers it with a jar or puts it under a bed. Of course he will put it on a stand/rest, so that its light will be seen by all who enter.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)