Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Luke 7:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 7:28:

  • Noongar: “Jesus said, ‘I tell you, John is a greater man than all people, people who have lived before and people who live today. But the person who is smallest in the Kingdom of Heaven, he is greater than John.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Yesus also said: ‘Listen well: from all the people who have been born in this world, there is not one whose life is greater than Yohanes. But from now, the people who become God’s people in his Kingdom are very fortunate/blessed. Even those whose lives are very small, their blessedness/fortune is greater than Yohanes’s.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I tell you,’ said Isa, ‘there is no person born in this world who is greater than this Yahiya. But in the ruling of God even a person whose status is very low is yet greater than Yahiya.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘Remember that John the Baptist, there is no person of any time who is greater than he. However, when God rules in the future, any person at that time who subjects himself to God, even though his rank is very small, he will be greater than John is now.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus went-on to say, ‘This that I tell you is true that no person has been born on this earth who is higher than Juan, but even so, the lowest one in God’s ruling is higher yet than he.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “This which I will say to you is really true, that of all who have been born (lit. become people) here in the world, none can exceed in greatness/importance this Juan who was the first to baptize. But now/today, even an insignificant/low-class person, as long as he causes himself to become a subject of the kingdom of God, he can be greater than Juan.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Gurung: “John is the greatest of all people. Even though he is, whoever, after seeing my deeds and hearing my words, obeys God according to what I say, even though that person be small, he will receive greater blessing than John.” (Source: Warren Glover in The Bible Translator 1978, p. 231ff.)

complete verse (Revelation 1:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 1:5:

  • Uma: “and from Yesus Kristus. Yesus Kristus, he is the Witness who is faithful [lit., who stays], he is the first one to live again from death, he is the Leader who governs all the kings of the world. Yesus loves us, and with the blood of his death he has freed us from our sins,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “May you also be cared for by Isa Almasi and may he cause-peace in your livers. Isa Almasi, his words can really be trusted. He is the first one made-alive again from among the dead. And he also is the one who rules over all that have authority in this world. He really loves us (incl.). He died so that he could take-away our (incl.) sins.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I, John, am writing to the seven groups of believers in the province of Asia. I pray that grace be shown to you by God and the Holy Spirit and Jesus Chirst they also give you a peaceful situation. As for God, He existed before anything was created; He still exists today and He cannot go out of existence forever. As for the Holy Spirit who lives in front of the seat of God, He has seven powers. Jesus Christ is the one whose word can be trusted. Of all who die and are raised again, He is the highest in rank. He is the one who controls the kings here on the earth. His breath is big toward us. He freed us from the punishment of our sins by causing His blood to be shed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Here is my letter to you who meet-as-a-congregation in the seven congregations in the province Asia. May you have mercy/grace/kindness and peace that comes-from God and his Spirit (Ispirito) and Jesu Cristo. God, he exists now, he existed previously and he will-exist forever. His Spirit which is in front of his throne (loan trono), there are seven manifestations/showings of his power (i.e. ways his power is shown). Jesu Cristo, he is one who is faithful to confirm concerning God. He also is the first who came-to-life again who didn’t again die and the one who rules/will-rule all rulers in this world. He loves us, and he set-us -free from our sins through his blood which flowed-out at his death.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “This one who is Jesu-Cristo, what he testifies is wholly the truth. That one, he was made alive again by God. He really is the highest/most-important over all who are to be made alive again also. And he is the one who is in control of all who rule such as kings here under the heavens. Hopefully we will praise Jesu-Cristo, who really values us. Because through his death, when he shed (lit. caused to drip) his blood, he has now released us from slavery to sin.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Also may Jesus Christ bless you, this one who tells the people well about God. He is the one who was first to resurrect after dying and he has the power to rule all the rulers who live here on earth. And it is Christ who loves us and he died. Concerning the blood he spilled, it is what cleared our sins.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 2:17)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 2:17:

  • Uma: “So, continuing on relatives, how about us Jews? Are some of us arrogant [lit., have high hearts], because we say/think we have a connection with God? Do some of us say that God will accept us because of our following the Lord’s Law that Musa delivered?” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You (pl.) say that you are Yahudi, the people chosen by God. You trust that because God’s law is there with you God will receive/accept you. You boast that you only are the ones who know God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And you also, my fellow Jews, you think mistakenly that you can trust your carrying out the Law and you boast about your association with God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “You who are my fellow Jews (lit. companions who are Jews), you value (conciliatory particle) your jewishness and you trust in your obeying the law to save you. You also boast-about yourselves because you say/think that you know the true God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the Jews, I want to tell you about what will happen with them. They know well about the law Moses wrote. And they boast that they know well about God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 8:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 8:10:

  • Noongar: “Jesus said, ‘I have given you the knowledge of the secrets of the Kingdom of Heaven, but other people hear the truth in stories, so they might look, but not see, and they might hear, but not understand.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Yesus said: ‘Long ago, God had not yet told/made-know man how he would become King in the world. But now, he had told/made-know you that teaching. But as for the people, I teach them with parables, so that the word of the Holy Book will be fulfilled which says: ‘They hear, but they do not know its meaning. They see, but it is like they still do not see [it] clearly.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “He said, ‘You have been given knowledge so that you can understand what God has hidden in his mind about as to how he rules his people. But to the other people everything is told in parables so that they look but not see and so that they hear but not understand.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus answered, he said, ‘That which was hidden long ago concerning the ruling of God, I will make it known to you, my disciples. But the other people, who do not follow me, I will teach them through parables so that even though they look carefully, they cannot see; and even though they listen they cannot understand.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus said, ‘You are the ones to whom God has given the privilege to come-to-know what was not made-known previously concerning his ruling, but as for other people, only parables will-be-related to them so that even though they are seeing, they will not recognize, and even though they are hearing, they will not understand.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus answered them, saying, ‘It really has been given/mercied to you to know the secret/hidden meaning of what I am teaching concerning the kingdom of God. But as for the others, it is in illustrations only, so that even though they will keep on looking-intensely, they can’t see. And even if they continue to listen, they won’t understand.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 2:17)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 2:17:

  • Uma: “‘Whoever has-ears, listen well to what the Holy Spirit says to my followers in every village. ‘Whoever wins, I allow them to eat the manna that is hidden. I give them a white stone. On that white stone is written a new name, that other people do not know. The ones who know it are only the persons who receive that stone.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘All you who have ears, you should listen to what the Spirit of God says to the churches.’ He also said, ‘Whoever is not carried-along by temptation/the tempters I will give him food from heaven called manna. I will also give each one of them a white stone and their new name will be written there. Nobody will know that name except only the one it is given to.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Each one of you must listen/obey to what the Holy Spirit says to you believers. The one who can overcome Satan, I will give him the manna food which I still have hidden which comes from heaven. And I will also give him a white stone upon which is written a new name. The only one who will know what that name is the one to whom it will be given.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “You who are listening, think-about what God’s Spirit is saying to the congregations. The people who defeat evil, I will give-them -some-of the hidden food designated as manna. I will also give each of them a white stone on-which-is-written a new name, and no one knows that name except (lit. if not) the person to-whom-it-has-been-given.’ ‘” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well since what ears are for is for listening with, you must listen well to this which is being said which the Espiritu Santo is causing to be comprehended by the ones who believe and trust in me. For whoever is able to have victory over whatever leads to sinning and detruction of believing/obeying, it’s certain there is something I will give to him which is being reserved here in heaven which can’t yet be seen by man, that manna which can cause one to live without ending. I will also give him a white stone on which is written a new name which no-one at all will know, but only he to whom it was given.”” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the person who has an ear, let him listen to these words which the Holy Spirit says to the believers. He says: ‘Concerning the person who comes out victorious over the evil there is, I will cause that he will eat the food which is in heaven, that food which is not known here on earth. And I will give him the small white stone. This small stone which I will give has written on it a name which is a new one no one knows about. Only the one who receives the stone will know about it,’ he says.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 3:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 3:20:

  • Uma: “There is not one who is upright in God’s sight from their following of the Lord’s Law. For it is from the Lord’s Law that we come to know that we have sinned.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For there is really no person forgiven and considered/regarded straight by God because of his following the law of God but because of the law of God hep do we (incl.) know (lit. is the underlying-reason we (incl.) know) that we (incl.) are sinful.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For there isn’t any person who can be considered righteous by God by means of his obeying the Law, because he always breaks the Law. The reason the Law was given was so that we (incl.) might see that we (incl.) break the Law of God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because there is no person whom God counts as righteous on account of his obeying the law, because the use of the law is only to make-known to a person that he has sin.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning all the good which is commanded by the law which the Jews follow, no one comes out that does it. Therefore whoever says that he lives according to what the law commands still cannot save his soul. Because God gives the law in order that we know that we have sin.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 8:42)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 8:42:

  • Noongar: “because his only daughter was dying. She was twelve years old. Jesus walked along the road and many people followed him.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Because there-was his only female child, her age was twelve years, [she was] sick near death. Yesus really went with him. While they were walking going to the house of Yairus, the many people crowded around crowding-around Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For he had an only girl-child, whose life was twelve years, who was very sick and was about to die. Isa came along with him. While they were going there Isa was pressed already by the crowds of people who were following him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “for he had an only child, a young girl of twelve years old, and this one was sick and about to die. And Jesus went with him, and while they were walking, they were making their way with difficulty because very, very many people were crowding upon them there.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “because their only female child who was twelve years old was dying. While Jesus was walking to go there, the many-people excessively crowded-around him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He was asking help from Jesus because of his only child who was a girl of twelve years of age, for her illness couldn’t get any worse. Without anything further, Jesus went with him, but he couldn’t stride because the people were pressing-together who were going along with him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 3:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 3:20:

  • Uma: “‘Here I am standing at your door, requesting-[it]-to-be-opened. If there is someone who hears me, and opens the door for me, I come in to dwell with him, and I eat together with him and he also eats together with me.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Listen, there I am figuratively like a person standing at your door knocking, asking-for-it-to-be-opened. If someone hears my voice and opens the door, I will go in and we (excl.) will eat together.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Listen because I am here at your door calling. If there is a person who hears Me and opens the door for Me, I will come in and I will eat with him and he also will eat with Me.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Listen, I am standing at the entrance knocking. If someone hears my voice/words and opens-it, I will enter and eat-with him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For here I am now. It’s like I am standing at the doorway, strongly-requesting to be admitted. For whoever will respond, who will open his door and have me come in, there won’t be any disturbance/hindrance to our (excl., i.e. his and my) fellowship.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Therefore I stand at the door, calling. He who will listen to me, who will open to me his heart, I will enter, I will rest there in the person’s heart. We will be friends, eating together.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)