Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Romans 14:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 14:5:

  • Uma: “There are also people who say certain days are more appropriate for us to-worship-on. Yet some say that all days are just the same. The main thing is: every one of us must really believe in his heart that God approves of what he does.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “There are people they regard/consider that one day is greater than the other days. There are also people they regard/consider the days as alike. You (pl.) ought to each one be sure as to what is your thinking.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “In the same way also, one person considers that there are days which are precious to God, and another also considers that God does not consider any day more precious than another. It’s necessary that each one is convinced that what he thinks and does is the right thing to do.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There are also those who count one day as more-valuable than the other days, while others say there is no day which is to be differentiated as more-valuable. Concerning this, the mind of each one must not doubt that what he is doing is right.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “There are some believers who say that there is one day which is more holy that other days. And also there are others who say that all the days are equal. Therefore each of the believers, concerning the word which they understand to be good, that is the word they should do.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 14:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 14:8:

  • Noongar: “‘When a person invites you to a wedding to eat and drink, you must not take the best seats. Perhaps, other people greater than you have been invited” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “He said: ‘If you (sing.) are called to go to a wedding feast, so not sit in the seats of honor. Perhaps there will be someone who was invited who is more honored than you (sing.).” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘If you are invited to a wedding, do not sit down in the seat for the important people. Perhaps there is someone more important than you invited.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘When we (dual) are invited to a feast, we must not first sit down in the good seats, because there might be somebody else who arrives whose rank is higher than us.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘If someone invites you (sing.) to join-in-eating, you (sing.) ought not to go join-in-sitting in the place-where-all-the-high-up people -sit lest someone has been invited who is higher than you (sing.). [Note: The only word for feast is unacceptable because it implies accompanying pagan practices. Thus the use of ‘join-in-eating,’ which does not specify the size of the gathering.]” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “‘Supposing someone invites you (sing.) to join in a wedding celebration, don’t choose a far from ordinary seat, for maybe there is someone invited who is more important than you.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 20:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 20:1:

  • Uma: “After that I saw an angel descend from heaven, carrying a big chain, and he also carried the key of the door of the sinkhole whose depth cannot be measured.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After this, I saw another angel coming down from heaven carrying the key to the door of the bottomless hole and carrying a heavy chain.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven carrying a very big set of fetters and the key to the pit whose depth has no end.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then I saw an angel descending from heaven holding a large chain and the key that was used-in-opening the prison below.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then I saw next an angel who was coming down coming from heaven. He was holding a big chain and the key of that very, very deep ravine.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Having passed what I saw, I saw another who came from heaven carrying a key to the hole which had no end to its depth. He carried in his hand a long chain.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 15:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 15:14:

  • Uma: “All my relatives! I know how many are your good behavior, you know the teaching from the Word of the Lord, and you can teach strengthen each other hearts. I really believe this, relatives.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “My brothers who trust in Is Almasi, I am assured that you are really good people and you already really know the teachings about God and it is possible for you to (you can already) teach/instruct each other.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Brethren, I know that your behavior is always good; and I know also that you thoroughly understand the word of God, and it’s possible now for you to teach it to other people.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “My brothers, I have no doubts that your behavior is extremely-good. I also know that you correctly understand concerning our faith and are able to teach-one-another and advise-one-another.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Listen my brothers, I am assured that you know well what good you must do (and do it). You have now understood well about this word. You now are able to teach one another about this word.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:5:

  • Mairasi: “Then when he himself will again see [find] this domba [sheep] definitely his liver will turn good [he will rejoice] all along as he carries that domba on his shoulders,” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Noongar: “When he finds this sheep he is very happy, he puts the sheep on his shoulders and goes back home.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “When he finds it, no kidding his joy. From his joy, he carries-on-back-of-neck that sheep, and he takes him back to his house.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And when you (pl.) have found it, you (pl.) are very happy, therefore you (pl.) take it in your (pl.) arms and bring it home.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When he finds him, he is very happy and he carries him in his arms and goes home.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And when he then finds it, great is his happiness and he will carry-it-on-his-shoulder” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well, after he has found it, he carries-it -round-his-neck happily going home.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 21:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:18:

  • Uma: “The fort was made from expensive stones, called yaspis. The village was made from nothing but gold [lit., gold dry], sparkling like smooth/clean glass.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “That wall was made of the precious-stone jasper. That city was made of unmixed/pure gold, but it was clear like glass.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The wall was made of precious stone jasper, and the city was made of gold which was very pure for our eyes could see through it.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The city was made from pure gold which dazzled like glass, and its stonewall, it was made of haspe.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Those expensive mined stones which were haspe were what was used for the wall, and that city was first-class gold, sparklingly-clear like mirror/glass.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the wall which went around the city, it was all of stones, very pretty ones, called jasper. The city itself was all of pure gold, it reflected the sunlight like glass does.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 16:13)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 16:13:

  • Uma: “My greetings to Rufus with his mother, whom I consider my own mother as well. Rufus is a Kristen person who is honored.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Tell also Rupus and his mother that I remember them. Rupus’ trust in our (incl.) Leader is really strong. And his mother was very good to me and she considered/regarded me as her child.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Greet for me also Rufus; his faith in the Lord has become famous. Greet for me also his mother – she came to consider as if I were her true child.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Greetings also to Rufus whose service for the Lord Jesus is well-known (lit. newsed) and his mother whom I also count as my mother.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Please greet for me Rufus. This one is well known for his firm faith in the Lord Jesus. Also Rufus’ mother, please greet for me. This woman is like a mother to me too.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 16:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 16:5:

  • Noongar: “So he called all the people to him. These people must repay money or goods to the boss. He asked the first person, ‘How much must you give the boss?'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “‘So, from there, he called each person who was in debt to his boss. To the first one he said: ‘How much is your (sing.) debt to my boss?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then he called one after the other all those who had debts to his master. He said to the first one, ‘How much is your debt to my master?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then he called one by one, all of those who owed money to his master. And he said to the first one, ‘How much do you owe my master?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Then he called all who were-in-debt to his master. He said to one, ‘How much is your (sing.) debt to my master?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well, what he did was he called for all who had a debt to his master. He questioned the first he called for. He said, ‘How much is your debt to my master?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)