Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Mark 14:61)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 14:61:

  • Uma: “But Yesus didn’t reply, he didn’t answer even a word. Once more the Big Priest asked him: ‘Are you (sing.) indeed the Redeemer King, the Child of the Holy God?’ [could also means: the Holy Child of God?]” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But Isa did not answer. Then the leading priest asked him again, he said, ‘Are you Almasi, the Son of God?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus did not answer. And then the high priest spoke again, he said, ‘Are you the one chosen by God to rule?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But he kept-silent answering nothing. So the highest priest said further, ‘Are you (sing.) the Messiah the Child of the honored/praised God?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But there was no verbal response from Jesus. Therefore he was again questioned by the Most-important Priest. ‘Are you really the one,’ he said, ‘who is that promised Cristo who is the Son of God the Most-important/Greatest?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (James 2:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of James 2:3:

  • Uma: “If we give more honor to the person whose clothes are good, and we say to him: ‘Come, let’s sit in this good seat,’ yet to the poor person we say: ‘You (sing.) stand over there,’ or we say to him: ‘You (sing.) sit there on the floor,'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If you treat-according-to-custom/honor the person with good clothes more than the one who does not have good clothes and you say to him, ‘Sir, sit here in this nice seat,’ but to the poor person you say, ‘Just stand there in that place,’ or, ‘Sit here on the floor by my feet,'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You show respect to the one whose clothing is good and you say, ‘You be here on this good seat.’ However, that poor person, by contrast, you just say to him, ‘Stand here,’ or, ‘You just sit here on the floor near my chair.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “For-example, if a rich-person wearing-a-ring made-of-gold and wearing-nice -clothes goes to your church and you say to him, ‘Come here so you (sing.) can sit in this nice chair.’ And if a poor-person also arrives wearing-extensively-patched -clothes, but in-contrast you say to him, ‘How-about-if (lit. Even-if) you (sing.) stand there or sit there on the floor,'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Now your welcoming/treatment of those two is not the same. For only that one with the fancy clothes is welcomed/treated well by you, as you say to him, ‘Friend, you sit here in this seat.’ As for that has-not, you insult/belittle him by saying to him, ‘You just stand over there,’ or ‘Only on the floor is where you are to sit.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “And then you are respectful to the man with good clothes and say: ‘Sit here in the good seat.’ But to the poor man you say: ‘You stand there, or sit here on the ground.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 18:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 18:14:

  • Uma: “Paulus had not-yet had an opportunity to speak, Governor Galio said: ‘Ee, you Yahudi people! If what you accuse him of were mentioning some transgression of the town laws or some behavior that is really evil, I would be patient to listen to your accusations.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Paul was about to speak but Governor Galliyo spoke to the Yahudi. He said, ‘If this matter was about evil doings or doings that are not straight, it would be right for me to hear/listen-to you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Paul wanted to speak, but Gallio spoke to the Jews and said, ‘As for you Jews, if it is a great trouble like a true sin or a bad doing of this person, I would put up with judging over you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Pablo was-about-to speak, but just-then Gallio said to the Jews, ‘If that-one had a crime (but he doesn’t) or something-bad he has done, I would certainly (concession particle) put-up-with listening to you Jews.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Pablo was just about to reply to that which they were saying when Galion said to those who had arrested Pablo, ‘If what you have found fault with against him was a heavy crime or evil, of course I wouldn’t be able to ignore it, but on the contrary, I would attend to judging it.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 15:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 15:21:

  • Uma: “On the way, they met a person who had just arrived at the village, they right away forced him to carry [on the shoulder] Yesus’ cross. His name [was] Simon the Kirene person, the father of Aleksander and Rufus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then a man passed-by, his name was Simon, a person from the place Kirene. He came from up-inland returning to the town. This Simon is/was the father of Iskandal and Rupus. The soldiers forced him commanding him to carry-on-shoulder the post that Isa would soon be nailed onto.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “On the way they met a person from Cyrene called Simon, father of Alexander and Rufus. This Simon was coming from the fields into the city. They forced him to carry the cross that Jesus was carrying.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “While they were still on the way (lit. path), they met a man who was going to the city from the barrios, and they forced him to carry-on-the-shoulder Jesus’ cross. This man, it was Simon from-Cirene who was the father of Alexander and Rufus.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “As the soldiers to-whom-Jesus -had-been-committed were going out of that city, they came across a man going to the city who was called Simon who was a taga Cirene, the father of Alejandro and Rufo. They forced him to shoulder the cross on which they would nail Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • KΓ’te: “While they were going, they met a man on the street, by the name of Simon, from the settlement of Cyrene, the father of both Alexander and Rufus. It was he, coming from the field, whom they met, and they forced him, so he carried the cross of Jesus, and they led him on.” (Source: Renck, p. 96)
  • Yagaria (Move dialect; oral translation): “While they went on the street, a man by the name of Simon, a man from the settlement of Cyrene, the father of both Alexander and Rufus, as he came from the field, they met him and urged him, and (as) he carried the cross of Jesus, they went on.”
  • Yagaria (Move dialect): “While they went on the street, a man by the name of Simon, a man from the settlement of Cyrene, the father of both Alexander and Rufus, as he came from the field, they met him and urged him, and (as) he carried the cross of Jesus, they went on.”
  • Yagaria (Kami-Kuluka dialect): “While they go, leading Jesus in order that they kill him, a man is coming, and they meet him. The man they meet, a man from the place of Cyrene, the father of both Alexander and Rufus, by the name of Simon, he comes. As he comes, the men which lead Jesus and come, the soldiers, tell him strongly: you turn back, and take the timber on which we will kill Jesus, carry it and go! After they say that, he carries it and goes.” (Source for this and above: Lourens de Vries in The Bible Translator 2000, p. 101ff. )

complete verse (James 3:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of James 3:9:

  • Uma: “Our words we can use to praise the Lord God our Father. And we can also use them to curse our companion whom the Lord God made according to his appearance.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Our (dual) tongue is what we (dual) praise our (incl.) Father God with, who is our (incl.) Lord. And our (dual) tongue is what we (dual) also curse our (dual) fellow human-being with who has been created by God like his appearance/in his likeness.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “We use our tongues when we give thanks to our Lord and Father. And surprisingly, we also use them when we curse our companions whom God created in his image.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “That’s what we use to praise the Lord God who is our Father, but that also of course is what we use to speak-evil-of our fellows, even though God created them with their likeness being indeed also like his.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Admittedly, this tongue of ours is what we praise God our Father with. But it is also what we curse others with who like ourselves were created by God, whom he made to be indeed like himself.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “These tongues of ours praise God our Father. Also these tongues of ours speak bad about people. And it is God who determined that they live like God lives.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 19:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 19:18:

  • Uma: “From there also, many believers in Yesus confessed in the eyes of the masses their deeds that were not appropriate.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Many also of those who trusted in Isa went, confessing openly the evil doings of theirs.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There were many new believers there who told in front of all about the bad things which they had given up.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And many were the believers who confessed to their companions what they had been doing as spirit-mediums,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “From that time, many were the believers who were like awakened. Therefore they exposed and repented of their sins in the presence of everyone.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 16:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 16:6:

  • Uma: “The young man said: ‘Don’t be amazed! You are searching for Yesus the Nazaret person, who died crucified. He has come back alive! He isn’t here any more. See the place he was put the other day [lit., yesterday].” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “He said to them, ‘Don’t be afraid. I know you look for Isa, the man from Nasaret who was nailed to the post. He is no longer here. He is alive again. Look where he was laid.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The person spoke, he said, ‘Don’t be afraid. You are looking for Jesus of Nazareth who was nailed to the cross, but he is no longer here for he is risen. Come see where he was laid.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then he said to them, ‘Don’t be afraid. I know that you are looking-for Jesus from-Nazaret who was nailed to the cross. But he isn’t here, because he came-to-life again. Look! This is where-he-was-placed.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “‘Don’t be afraid,’ said that man. ‘Probably you are looking for Jesus the Nazaretanen who was nailed to a cross. He is no longer here, for he was made alive again. Look at where he was laid out.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (James 5:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of James 5:6:

  • Uma: “You [emphatic] punish and kill people who aren’t wrong/guilty, who cannot oppose you.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You accused (hinang) of sin a person/people who has no sin and have even killed (them/him). They did not even oppose you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For you caused righteous people to be punished and you murdered them even though they never resisted you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Oh confound (expression of displeasure/anger) what you’ve been doing, because you have brought-charges-against and killed people who have no sin/crime, while they (sympathetic particle) have no ability to oppose you. That only is what I will tell you who are rich.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Yes indeed, you have-gone-too-far having passed judgment on and killed people who were righteous/straight in the sight of God, and they just let you/left you alone.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “You determine that innocent people will be killed. And they do not defend themselves.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)