Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Acts 6:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 6:3:

  • Uma: “So, relatives, it is better that we choose from our companions seven people with good actions, who are controlled by the Holy Spirit, and who are wise [have clear hearts], so that to them we (excl.) give the work of supervising this matter of food.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So brothers,’ they said, ‘you must/should choose seven men from among you, men whom you really know are controlled/ruled-over by the Holy Spirit and who have deep knowledge. We (excl.) will give them this work.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Therefore, brethren,’ they said, ‘it would be good if you choose seven of our companions who are respected. It is necessary that the ones you choose must be men who are wise whom you know are thoroughly inspired by the Holy Spirit. And we will give to them the authority to divide up.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore you siblings, choose seven intelligent men who are full of the power of the Holy Spirit and whose behavior is well spoken-of. It is they to-whom-we (excl.) -will-entrust the distribution of money,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore now, it would be good for you to choose seven men whom we (excl.) will set up in this job/responsibility of being distributors. It’s necessary that those you choose are people recognized by all of you as being very obedient to the Espiritu Santo who indwells them and their wisdom/understanding is mature/full-strength.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Isthmus Mixe: “Then the twelve sent ones of Jesus ordered that the brethren gather together. Then they said: ‘It is not proper that we (excl.) distribute food. We will thus not be able to teach God’s word well.'”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “Then the twelve apostles gather all those who believed in our Lord Jesus and said: ‘It is not right that we should discontinue proclaiming God’s word in order to feed people.'” (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Mark 5:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 5:15:

  • Uma: “When they came to Yesus, what should they see but the possessed person sitting quietly, he was clothed, and his heart was clear [i.e., rational, wise]. Seeing that, they became afraid.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When they came there to Isa, they saw the man who had been possessed by the many demons. He sat there clothed and already sound/good in his mind. Then they were afraid.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when they arrived, they saw the man who had been afflicted by the thousands of demons. They saw that he had on clothes and his thinking was good again. And because of this, they were very amazed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When they arrived where plural Jesus were, they found the man whom the many-spirits had left, sitting clothed and with his mind made-good. And they all became-afraid.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “On their arrival, they approached Jesus. They saw that that person who had been possessed by an evil spirit was now sitting down. He was clothed and his mind was alert. That crowd was reached by fear and they were very amazed.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (2 Timothy 3:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Timothy 3:8:

  • Uma: “Those lying teachers, their thinking is crooked and their faith is a lie, with the result that God shoves-away/rejects them. They oppose the true teaching, like Yanes and Yambres opposed the prophet Musa long ago.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Those deceiving people, they are-against/oppose the true teaching. What they think no longer hits the mark and they no longer follow the true teaching. They have joined/copied the doings of Jannes and Jambes, the people who opposed Musa long ago.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for those men also, they speak in rejection of the true doctrine. Their minds are astray and their belief in the Lord is a sham. They are like Jannes and Jambres who spoke in rejection against Moses long ago.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The people who deceive/trick these women, their minds are totally filthy, and their pretend faith is of no account in God’s sight. They oppose the true teaching like Jannais and Jambres opposed Moses previously.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And these who teach them, what they do is, they oppose this truth, for their minds/thinking have been really made evil. They have no knowledge at all of believing/obeying which is acceptable to God. They’re just like Janes and Jambres, who opposed Moises in the past.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The lying teachers do as did Jannes and Jambres who opposed the word spoken by Moses. Also like them are the ones I am telling you about. The true word is opposed by them. They are men with evil thoughts. It is not true that they follow the faith which we have.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 7:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 7:20:

  • Uma: “At that time, Musa was born. Musa was a child who was very handsome. He was cared-for for only three months in his parents’ house, and he was thrown out.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “It was during that time that Musa was born. Musa was a very handsome boy. For three months he could still be hidden in the house of his parents.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now that was the time when Moses was born. He was a very lovely child and God was pleased with him. His parents took care of him for three months.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘And that was the time when-Moses -was-born who was a fine-looking baby. Three months were what his mother nursed him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “At that time Moses was born who was a really lovely child. He was cared for for three months by his parents.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Aguaruna: “When they stayed like that one little child was borne-remote-past, one-chosen by God, who was to be our grandfather Moses….” (Source: Larson 1998, p. 81)

complete verse (Mark 6:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 6:4:

  • Uma: “From there Yesus said to them: ‘A prophet is always honored wherever he goes. But in his village and his house, and with his own relatives, he isn’t honored.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore Isa said to them, ‘A prophet is treated-according-to-custom/honored everywhere. But in his place and among his relatives and in his house he is not treated-according-to-custom/honored.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then Jesus said to them, he said, ‘A prophet of God is not respected by his own relatives and by the other people in his own village, but in the other villages, by contrast, he is respected.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Whereupon he said to them, ‘There is no prophet whom his townmates, relatives and family acknowledge, but they certainly acknowledge him in other towns.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore Jesus said to them, ‘As for a prophet, he is honored/respected and welcomed/treated-well by all people, except in his own town and among his own relatives and his own household.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Titus 1:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Titus 1:1:

  • Uma: “This letter is from me, Paulus, the slave of God and the apostle [messenger] of Yesus Kristus. He raised me to become his apostle and he ordered me to strengthen the faith of people whom God has chosen. He also ordered me to teach them the true teaching. If we follow that true teaching, we submit to God,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “This letter is from me, Paul. I am a servant of God and I am commissioned by Isa Almasi told to proclaim his message/word. I was chosen and told to go to the people previously chosen by God, to help them so that their trust in him increases and so that they will know more about the true teaching that is the teaching of our (incl.) religion.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for you Titus, I write to you. You are like my true son, for your faith in the Lord is also like my faith in Him. May God and our Savior Jesus Christ show you kindness, and may they give you a peaceful situation. I am Paul, the servant of God and the apostle, which is to say, sent-one of Jesus Christ. The reason He sent me is so that I might draw tight the faith of people who are chosen by God, and that I might also draw tight their understanding of the true doctrine which is what we (incl.) believe. An additional reason why He sent me is so that they might understand that they can expect life without end. Long ago before anything was created, God said that He would give us (incl.) this life, and we (incl.) know that it is not possible for Him not to fulfill what He says. And now this is the time for Him to make known this life by means of the Good News. And as for this news, God our Savior entrusted it to me.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I am Pablo whom God appointed to serve him. I am also an apostle of Jesu Cristo (henceforth Jesu Cristo). He sent me to strengthen the faith of those whom God chose as his people and to make-known to them the true teaching from God which results-in a godly lifestyle.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Son Tito, there-(with-you) is my letter, I who am Pablo, who is a servant of God. I was caused to be an apostle of Jesu-Cristo so that through my teaching of the Good News, the people whom he chose will believe/obey. He sent me so that they would comprehend the truth and then they would live in harmony with this truth.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I, Paul, am God’s worker and the representative of Jesus Christ. I was given the work to cause to believe in Christ those whom God has chosen. I am to cause that they will know that what we believe is true.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 7:52)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 7:52:

  • Uma: “There was not one prophet that was not persecuted by your ancestors long ago. They killed the messengers/apostles of God long ago who said they there would be a righteous Servant of God, that is Yesus. And now, you are the ones who sold this Servant of God to his enemies. You are the ones who killed him!” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Was there even one prophet who was not persecuted by your forefathers? None. They killed in ancient-times the men whom God told to spread/make-known about the coming of his righteous/straight servant. And when that servant of his had come, you betrayed him and you killed him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Is there even one only of those inspired long ago that were not tortured by our ancestors? There is not any. They killed those whom God sent, those who prophesied a long time ago the arrival of his righteous servant Jesus. And you also know, because this Jesus, the servant of God, you betrayed and you murdered.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Was there even one of those prophets whom our ancestors didn’t persecute? Definitely none. Even those who prophesied the coming of the holy Messiah who served God, they killed (them). And as for you, you betrayed and killed the Messiah.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “IsnΒ­t it so that as for the prophets of the past, there wasn’t one who was not caused to suffer by those ancestors of yours? And they even killed those God caused to tell concerning the coming of his righteous Servant Jesus. Well as for you now, you are the ones who as-it-were traded that Jesus. You are the ones who caused him to be killed,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 6:36)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 6:36:

  • Uma: “We should order [lit., It-is-better we order] these people to go to the villages and houses in the gardens/fields that are close to buy their food.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Tell these people to go to the farmers in the places inland and into the villages surrounding so that they can buy their food.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Let the people leave now so that they might go to the villages and homestead nearby and buy something for them to eat.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Tell the people to go buy what they will eat in the nearby towns.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Hopefully if possible/acceptable, send these people on their way to go to the nearby barios or houses so that they can buy something to eat.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)