Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Mark 2:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:10:

  • Uma: “I, the Child of Mankind, I do have authority in the world to forgive sins. But if I say to this lame person: ‘Your (sing.) sins are forgiven,’ you do not know whether they are really forgiven or not. But if I say: ‘Get up, roll up your (sing.) mat, and walk,’ you will see whether it happens or not. So I will show you that I have authority to forgive sin.’ From there, he turned to that lame person,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I heal this man in order that you will know that I, the Son of Mankind, have authority here in this world to forgive sins.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “By healing this man now, I will show you that I, the Older Sibling of Mankind, I have authority here on the earth to forgive sin.’ Then he said to the man who was paralyzed, he said,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But if that is so, I will then say what is difficult in order to thereby confirm to you that I who am Child of a Person have authority on this earth (lit. surface of this earth) to forgive sins.’ Then he said to that cripple,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore I will heal this illness of his so that you will realize that as for me, who am the One From Heaven Born of Man/human, I do indeed have authority here under the heavens to forgive sins.’ And then he said to that person who was paralyzed,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Kim text for oral translation: “It’s good, so that you know that the Son of Man has the power on the earth to forgive sins, I say to the paralysed person:” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “… But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins…’ — now he speaks to the paralytic –”

complete verse (Mark 2:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:11:

  • Uma: “he said to him: ‘Get up, roll up your (sing.) mat, and go home.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then Isa said to the paralyzed man, ‘Get up, take your bed and go home.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘Friend, get up. Pick up your hammock and go home!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘What I am commanding you (sing.) is, get-up, pick up that stretcher of yours (sing.) to go-home.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “‘Stand up now, carry what you are lying on and go home now.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Kim text for oral translation: “‘You, get up, take your bed, go your going home.'” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “‘I say to you, get up, take your pallet, and return home!'”

complete verse (Mark 2:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:1:

  • Uma: “Some time after that Yesus returned to Kapernaum-town. The news-was-spread that Yesus was in the house,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After several days (lit. if how many), Isa returned to the town Kapernaum. It was told that he was there in a certain house.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “A few days after that, Jesus returned to the village of Capernaum, and the people heard that Jesus was in his house,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When how-many days had gone, Jesus returned to Capernaum, and it was newsed-from-one-to-another that he was in his house.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “A few days passed then Jesus again returned to Capernaum. The news spread again that Jesus was again at the house where he stayed/boarded.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Kim text for oral translation: “Days good some after, Jesus returned town Capernaum there, people heard that he is there at home.” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “When some days had passed, he went into Capernaum again. Word got out — he’s in his house!”

complete verse (Mark 2:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:12:

  • Uma: “That lame one really got up, he rolled up his mat and he left walking, witnessed by those many people. Then those many people saw what happened, they were all surprised, and they praised God, they said: ‘We have never seen anything like what just happened!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then the sick man got up and immediately took his bed and went outside before the eyes/in sight of all. All the people were amazed. They praised God, they said, ‘We (incl.) have never seen anything like this.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then that person got up, picked up his hammock, and went out of the house. And all the people saw this. And the people, when they had seen this, they were very amazed and they gave thanks to God. They said, ‘We have never seen anything like this!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then that-one got-up, picked-right-up the stretcher that he had been lying on, and went-out in the sight of them all. And all those who were there were surprised while-simultaneously they also praised God saying, ‘Ana! (equiv. to Wow!) We have never seen anything like this!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Without anything further, that person stood up, picked up what he was lying on and then went, everybody watching. They were all amazed and praised God, for they said, ‘We (incl.) really haven’t observed anything like this before!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Kim text for oral translation: “At the same time, the person got up, took his bed, went out in the view of everyone. The thing astonished the people, they all praised God and said: ‘We have not seen a similar thing done one day on earth!'” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “The man got up. Without delay, he grabbed the pallet and left — right in front of everyone. The effect was that everyone was overcome with amazement. And they gave glory to God, saying, ‘We have never seen anything like this.'”

complete verse (Mark 2:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:2:

  • Uma: “that is why many people assembled wanting to see him. They assembled, with the result that it was crowded in the house, even to the doorway it was full of people. He preached the Word of God to them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Many people gathered there to the house where Isa was. Therefore nobody else could fit in/there was no more room for them, even in the doorway. Isa proclaimed God’s word/message to them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and they gathered there. They were very many, and because of this there was no longer any room for them even under the eaves near the door. Jesus preached to them the Word of God” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Right then the many-people gathered there until there was no place for others, even around the doorway. Then as Jesus was preaching the word of God to them,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “That’s why very many again were the people arriving there, even outside the house having no more room even to stand in. Without anything further, Jesus taught them.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Isthmus Mixe: “Then many people gathered together. The house filled up, even around the door. There Jesus was inside preaching the word.” (Source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • Kim text for oral translation: “People gathered around him many such that no one found a place to put his foot on the ground, even outside the door. Jesus was announcing the word of God.” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So many men gathered there that it became impossible to move. There were not even any open spaces around the door. So he was speaking his message to them.”

complete verse (Mark 2:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:3:

  • Uma: “While he was speaking, four people carrying their lame friend came.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then a sick person was brought to him carried-on-a-stretcher by four people. That sick person was paralyzed (lit. dead his body).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and then some people arrived carrying a person whose body is paralyzed. He is being carried by four men.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “some arrived who were bringing a cripple. Four men were carrying-him -at-either-end.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Just as he was teaching, four people arrived bringing a person who was paralyzed (lit. had a dead part of his body).” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Kim text for oral translation: “They brought to him a person who was paralysed sabtak [qualifier], there were four people carrying him.” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “And here they come bringing a paralyzed man, carried by four men!”

complete verse (Mark 2:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:4:

  • Uma: “There was no way for them to get close to Yesus because it was full of people. That is why they climbed the stairs going to the top of the house, they lifted/pried-off the roof above Yesus, and they lowered their friend with his mat going into the house.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because they could not come close to Isa because (there were) so many people, so-then they broke down the flat roof above the head of Isa. When they had made a way, they lowered the sick person on his stretcher.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “They can’t get near to Jesus because of the many people who are gathered there, so then they made a hole in the roof above Jesus, and when the hole was already big they lowered the man on his hammock down to Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But they had no way to bring-him-near to Jesus because of the crowded-in people, so they climbed-up-with-him to the roof and they removed some of the roof directly-above Jesus. Then they lowered the stretcher on-which-the cripple -was-lying.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Those people weren’t able to get that person close to Jesus for (the house) was full of people. Without anything further, what they did was, they made-an-hole in the roof above Jesus. And then they let down that person they had carried, still on what-he-was-lying-on.)” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Amele: “While the people sat crushed together because they had no way to take and put him before (lit. in his eye) Jisas they climbed up above the house. They climbed up and removed the house roofing at Jisas stood and they tied a rope to that stretcher the man lay on and as they let him down he went down to before Jisas stood.” (Source: John Roberts in this article )
  • Kim text for oral translation: “As they could not find the way to bring him to him, they saw the flat roof there where it was, they went up there, they made a hole, they lowered the bed that the paralytic was lying on (with the help of ropes) gently, gently until putting it on the ground.” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “When they couldn’t bring him through, because of the crowd, they pulled away the roof above the spot where he was. And after they’ve dug up the tiles, they lower the pallet down — where this paralyzed man was lying.”

complete verse (Mark 2:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:5:

  • Uma: “Yesus saw the bigness of their faith, he said to the lame person: ‘My child, your (sing.) sins are forgiven!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When Isa saw that they really trusted in him, he said to the paralyzed person, ‘Friend, your sins are forgiven.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus, when he understood that their trust in him was great, he said to the man whose body was paralyzed, he said, ‘Friend, your sins are forgiven.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When Jesus saw their trust in him, he said to that cripple, ‘Your (sing.) sins are forgiven, friend/fellow.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When Jesus observed that the belief of those people was big, he said to that sick person, ‘Son, your sins are now forgiven.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Kim text for oral translation: “When Jesus saw the faith of them, he said to the paralysed person, ‘My son, your sins have been forgiven.'” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So Jesus sees their faith and says to the paralyzed man, ‘Child, your sins are forgiven.'”