The Greek and Hebrew that are translated as “worry” or “anxious” in English are translated in Navajo (Dinė) as “my mind is killing me.” (Source: Nida 1952, p. 24)
Nida (1952, p. 124) also gives other examples:
“The Piro in Peru use almost the same idiom when they say that a worried man is ‘one who is hard chased.’ The worried person is like a pursued animal in the forest trying to elude the hunter. The impenetrable jungle of the future, the failing strength, and the exhaustion of doubt all press hard upon the soul. And one’s heart seems to fail and even disappear. This is the very phrase employed by the Tzeltal Indians in the rugged mountains of southern Mexico. They describe ‘worry’ by the words ‘their hearts are gone.'”
Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)
The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).
For this verse, translators typically select the inclusive form (including everyone asking everyone else).
Source: Velma Pickett and Florence Cowan in Notes on Translation January 1962, p. 1ff.
Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 6:31:
Uma: “‘That’s why I say to you don’t be afraid and say: ‘What shall we (incl.) eat and drink? What shall we (incl.) wear?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Therefore do not worry. Do not say, ‘What shall we eat, what shall we drink, what shall we wear.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Therefore don’t worry and say what are we going to eat, and what are we going to drink, and what will we clothe ourselves with.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Therefore don’t be worrying saying, ‘Where perhaps is what we will use-to-get what we will eat and our clothes?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Therefore don’t agitate your mind/thinking about your food, drink or clothes.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “So now, do not worry and say: ‘What will be eat and drink? Or what will be wear?'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Barclay Newman, a translator on the teams for both the Good News Bible and the Contemporary English Version, translated passages of the New Testament into English and published them in 2014, “in a publication brief enough to be non-threatening, yet long enough to be taken seriously, and interesting enough to appeal to believers and un-believers alike.” The following is the translation of Matthew 6:25-34:
I tell you not to worry about food, drink, or clothes!
Life is more than what you eat and wear.
Birds don’t plant or harvest,
yet your Father above takes care of them,
and you are worth much more than a flock of birds.
You may think the more you worry, the longer you live.
That’s simply not so.
Why worry about what you will wear?
Even royalty looks drab beside daffodils and regal lilies,
yet God colors and clothes the wild flowers,
even though they will wither in the summer heat.
Why do you have such little faith? God will take care of you.
Worry — wearisome worry about food, drink, and clothes —
Only a heathen would nurture such worries.
Put God first in everything you do and worry no more,
then all your needs will be met.
Why worry about tomorrow? Today is worrisome enough.
Living Water is produced for the Bible translation movement in association with Lutheran Bible Translators. Lyrics derived from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®).
Do not be anxious translates an aorist subjunctive in Greek which normally carries an ingressive force, focusing upon the beginning of the action. That is why Good News Translation includes the helping verb “start” (“do not start worrying”). Both New American Bible (“Stop worrying, then, over questions like…”) and Barclay (“So then, make up your mind to stop worrying, and to stop saying…”) take the aorist subjunctive to have force other than its usual one of initiating an action. This probably is best in this context.
The word anxious itself will be translated as it has been elsewhere (see verse 25). Here it can be “Don’t start being overly concerned” or “Don’t now let yourself be distracted by the concerns of.”
Following the command do not be anxious is a participle which Revised Standard Version translates saying. New Jerusalem Bible renders the entire construction “So do not worry; do not say,” and New English Bible “No, do not ask anxiously.”
For a literal rendering of the three questions (What shall … eat … drink … wear?) see Revised Standard Version. Although the Greek has a first person plural in each instance, Good News Translation follows with a first person singular, since this is a more natural form in English.
Another way to handle this verse is to say “Don’t keep on worrying about where your food, drink, or clothes will come from” or “Don’t let yourself be distracted with worries about how you will get something to eat and drink and clothing to wear.”
Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Stine, Philip C. A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1988. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
Verse 6:31 repeats the examples that are in 6:25–30: Jesus’ disciples should not worry about the material things which they need to live. See the notes above on 6:25–30 for more information.
6:31a
Therefore: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Therefore introduces a conclusion based on God’s abundant and kind care.
Here are some other ways to translate this word:
So (New International Version)
-or-
In conclusion
-or-
For this/that reason
-or-
Because God so wonderfully provides,
do not worry: This same phrase occurs in 6:25b.
6:31b
saying: The word saying introduces three questions that people may ask themselves. People do not necessarily ask these questions out loud.
Here are some other ways to introduce these questions:
and say (God’s Word)
-or-
and ask yourselves (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
Do not ask
What shall we eat?: This is a real question. It is implied that food is scarce and not easily acquired.
Here are some other ways to translate this question:
What are we going to eat? (God’s Word)
-or-
Will we have anything to eat? (Contemporary English Version)
6:31c
What shall we drink?: This too is a real question. The verb means “to drink anything.” It refers especially to water but also refers to anything else people drink with their meals. You will want to translate this clause similarly to the way you did the previous one. For example:
What are we going to drink? (God’s Word)
-or-
Will we have anything to drink? (Contemporary English Version)
6:31d
What shall we wear?: This also is a real question. You will want to translate this clause similarly to the way you did the two previous ones. For example:
What are we going to wear? (God’s Word)
-or-
Will we have any clothes to wear? (Contemporary English Version)
General Comment on 6:31a–d
In some languages it is more natural to use an indirect quotation for people’s thoughts. For instance:
Do not worry about what you will eat, drink or wear.
-or-
So don’t worry about having enough food or drink or clothing. (New Living Translation (1996))
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