worry

The Greek and Hebrew that are translated as “worry” or “anxious” in English are translated in Navajo as “my mind is killing me.” (Source: Nida 1952, p. 24)

Nida (1952, p. 124) also gives other examples:

“The Piro in Peru use almost the same idiom when they say that a worried man is ‘one who is hard chased.’ The worried person is like a pursued animal in the forest trying to elude the hunter. The impenetrable jungle of the future, the failing strength, and the exhaustion of doubt all press hard upon the soul. And one’s heart seems to fail and even disappear. This is the very phrase employed by the Tzeltal Indians in the rugged mountains of southern Mexico. They describe ‘worry’ by the words ‘their hearts are gone.'”

See also anxious / worried about many things and worries/cares of the world/this age.

inclusive vs. exclusive pronoun (Matt. 6:31)

Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)

The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).

For this verse, translators typically select the inclusive form (including everyone asking everyone else).

Source: Velma Pickett and Florence Cowan in Notes on Translation January 1962, p. 1ff.

complete verse (Matthew 6:31)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 6:31:

  • Uma: “‘That’s why I say to you don’t be afraid and say: ‘What shall we (incl.) eat and drink? What shall we (incl.) wear?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore do not worry. Do not say, ‘What shall we eat, what shall we drink, what shall we wear.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Therefore don’t worry and say what are we going to eat, and what are we going to drink, and what will we clothe ourselves with.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore don’t be worrying saying, ‘Where perhaps is what we will use-to-get what we will eat and our clothes?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore don’t agitate your mind/thinking about your food, drink or clothes.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “So now, do not worry and say: ‘What will be eat and drink? Or what will be wear?'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Translation commentary on Matthew 6:31

Do not be anxious translates an aorist subjunctive in Greek which normally carries an ingressive force, focusing upon the beginning of the action. That is why Good News Translation includes the helping verb “start” (“do not start worrying”). Both New American Bible (“Stop worrying, then, over questions like…”) and Barclay (“So then, make up your mind to stop worrying, and to stop saying…”) take the aorist subjunctive to have force other than its usual one of initiating an action. This probably is best in this context.

The word anxious itself will be translated as it has been elsewhere (see verse 25). Here it can be “Don’t start being overly concerned” or “Don’t now let yourself be distracted by the concerns of.”

Following the command do not be anxious is a participle which Revised Standard Version translates saying. New Jerusalem Bible renders the entire construction “So do not worry; do not say,” and New English Bible “No, do not ask anxiously.”

For a literal rendering of the three questions (What shall … eat … drink … wear?) see Revised Standard Version. Although the Greek has a first person plural in each instance, Good News Translation follows with a first person singular, since this is a more natural form in English.

Another way to handle this verse is to say “Don’t keep on worrying about where your food, drink, or clothes will come from” or “Don’t let yourself be distracted with worries about how you will get something to eat and drink and clothing to wear.”

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Stine, Philip C. A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1988. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .