insurrection

The Greek that is translated as “insurrection” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) with staatsfeindliche Umtriebe or “anti-governmental activities.”

rising up in numbers

In Gbaya, the notion of rising up in large numbers in the referenced verses is emphasized in with the ideophone gɛrɛm.

Ideophones are a class of sound symbolic words expressing human sensation that are used as literary devices in many African languages. (Source: Philip Noss)

complete verse (Luke 23:19)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 23:19:

  • Noongar: “(Barabbas had been chained in the gaol because he had started fighting between people in Jerusalem, and he had killed people.)” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “That Barabas was in prison because of his opposition to the government/rulers in the town and he was also a killer.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “(This Barabbas was detained in prison because he had gone along with the people who opposed the government there in the town Awrusalam and he had killed a person/people.)” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for this Barabbas, the reason that he was in prison is because he had caused people to fight against the government, and that’s not all, because he’d also murdered somebody.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “(This Barabbas, he had been imprisoned because he had thrown-Jerusalem -into-riot and he had also killed someone.)” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “What that Barrabas was in prison for was that he was included in the past trouble there in that city of Jerusalem against the government and had killed people.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

Scriptures Plain & Simple (Luke 23:13-25)

Barclay Newman, a translator on the teams for both the Good News Bible and the Contemporary English Version, translated passages of the New Testament into English and published them in 2014, “in a publication brief enough to be non-threatening, yet long enough to be taken seriously, and interesting enough to appeal to believers and un-believers alike.” The following is the translation of Luke 23:13-25:

Pilate called together the chief priests,
the religious authorities, and all their cohorts.

Then he said:
       “You brought Jesus into my court,
              accusing him of being a troublemaker.
       But you’re witnesses that I’ve found him innocent,
              and so has Herod, who sent him back to me.
       This man doesn’t deserve the death penalty.
              I’ll have him beaten, then released.”

“Kill him! Set Barabbas free!” shouted the angry mob.
Now Barabbas had been in prison,
       charged with terrorism and murder.

Pilate wanted to set Jesus free,
       so he repeated himself to the mob.
But they shouted even louder,
       “Nail him to a cross! Nail him to a cross!”

“What crime has he committed?” asked Pilate once again.
“I’ve found him guilty of nothing deserving death.
       I’ll have him beaten and released.”

“Kill him! Kill him! Kill him!”
       came the incessant cry of the crowd.

Finally, Pilate gave in to the demands of the frenzied mob.
He freed Barabbas, the terrorist and murderer,
       then handed Jesus over to face certain death.

Translation commentary on Luke 23:19

Exegesis:

hostis ēn … blētheis en tē phulakē ‘who had been thrown into prison.’ The relative clause is attached to the direct speech of v. 18, but is not part of it. It is added in order to give information about Barabbas after his name has been mentioned, and is best treated as an independent clause in parentheses. The periphrastic construction ēn … blētheis is equivalent to a pluperfect. en is here equivalent to eis.

dia stasin tina genomenēn en tē polei kai phonon ‘on account of a rising that had happened in the city and of murder,’ implying that Barabbas had something to do with the riot and was responsible for a murder committed during the riot.

Translation:

A man who had been …, or as a new sentence, ‘(This) Barabbas, (or, This man) had been…,’ ‘Barabbas was a man who had been….’ In some cases it is preferable to start the sentence with the description of the situation, e.g. ‘There had been an insurrection in the city and a murder, and as a result (or, and for this reason) this man had been…’ (cf. The Four Gospels – a New Translation, Batak Toba).

Thrown into prison, or, ‘imprisoned,’ cf. on “shut up … in prison” in 3.20. If an active construction is required, one can best use an indefinite agent (cf. e.g. Sranan Tongo, ‘they’), or take Pilate, the Romans, or the Roman authorities as agent(s) or initiators.

For an insurrection started in the city, or in a verbal clause, ‘because people had begun to riot in the city,’ ‘because people in the city had fought the ruler’ (cf. Tae’ 1933).

Murder, or, ‘someone had been killed’ (Tae’ 1933), ‘he had committed a murder, or, had killed a person.’

Quoted with permission from Reiling, J. and Swellengrebel, J.L. A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1971. For this and other handbooks for translators see here . Make sure to also consult the Handbook on the Gospel of Mark for parallel or similar verses.