4But when Jesus heard it, he said, “This illness does not lead to death; rather, it is for God’s glory, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it.”
The Greek and Latin that is translated as “Son of God” in English is translated in Shipibo-Conibo as “God’s Child” and in Garifuna as “God’s offspring.” (Source: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125.)
Nida (1984, p. 113) remarks on this “It was a common expression in Hebrew to say that someone was the ‘Son of…’ something to express that they shared characteristics with that thing etc. E.g. ‘son of peace’ ‘son of thunder.’ Therefore ‘Son of God’ meant that Jesus shared characteristics with God. This wasn’t carried over into Greek and was interpreted more biologically.”
In San Mateo Del Mar Huave it is translated as “Son of Father God,” where “Father” is a term of respect. (Source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between. One way to do this is through the usage (or a lack) of an honorific prefix as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. When the referent is God, the “divine” honorific prefix mi- (御) is used as in mi-ko (御子) or “son (of God)” in the referenced verses. (Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
Following are a number of back-translations of John 11:4:
Uma: “When Yesus heard that news, he said: ‘That illness will not kill him. That is happening so that God will be made big, and so that I also, his Child, will be made big.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “When Isa heard that message, he said, ‘That sickness of Lasarus is not so that he will die but rather so that God’s power will be well known in order that the Son of God will be made famous/known.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When Jesus heard this he said, ‘This sickness of Lazarus will not cause his death, but rather the reason he is sick is so that God might be made famous and so that I also the Son of God might be made famous.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Upon Jesus’ hearing that, he said, ‘That sickness of his, it won’t result in his death but rather this has happened in order that God’s power will be shown and my godhood who am his Child will also be acknowledged.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When it was related to Jesus, he said, ‘It’s not death which will result from that sickness. It only came so that God will be praised and also because it will be the cause of the Son of God being praised.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “When Jesus heard this he said, ‘But he is not sick in order to die. Rather it is so the people will know that God is the greatest. And the people will know that also I am great, being the Son of God.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Living Water is produced for the Bible translation movement in association with Lutheran Bible Translators. Lyrics derived from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®).
The Greek expression “this sickness is not to death” means that “death will not be the final result of this sickness.” Several translations make this meaning clear, but only Good News Translation makes explicit the reference to the death of Lazarus: … will not be the death of Lazarus. It is possible that more than the death of Lazarus is referred to here. There may be a double reference—to the death of Lazarus and the death, resurrection, and exaltation of Jesus. Such an interpretation is strengthened by the observations regarding the meaning of the phrase the means by which the Son of God will receive glory. However, while there may be a double meaning here, the primary focus is obviously the death of Lazarus. It is suggested that the translator either make explicit the reference to the death of Lazarus or translate “death will not be the final result of this sickness,” without specifying whose death is meant. To make explicit the reference to the death of Jesus is beyond the bounds of translation.
In some languages it may be difficult to say The final result of this sickness will not be the death of Lazarus, for result can be expressed only in terms of cause and effect, for example, “Because Lazarus is sick does not mean that he will die.” Such a translation may seem to be contradictory, because Lazarus did die. However, even in the form which Jesus spoke to his disciples (literally “this sickness is not to death”), there is anomaly, since the sickness did result in Lazarus’ death, though not in a permanent state of death. In some languages this aspect of permanence may be expressed by a particular form of the verb “to die.”
The last part of this verse is literally “but for the glory of God, in order that the Son of God might be glorified through it.” Rather than use the conjunction “but” to indicate the contrast, Good News Translation introduces the words this has happened (Moffatt “the end of it is”; New English Bible “it has come”; Phillips “it is going to”; New American Bible “rather it is”). Then Good News Translation transforms the noun phrase “for the glory of God” into a verb phrase to bring glory to God (so also Phillips). Some commentators understand the phrase “for the glory of God” to have the meaning “to reveal God’s glory.” Either meaning (to bring glory to God or “to reveal the glory of God”) is legitimate in light of the context. To bring glory to God means “to cause people to praise God,” which may not be the focus in the context. “To reveal God’s glory” may mean, “to reveal how powerful God is” (Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch), which seems to be more in keeping with the words of Jesus in verse 40 (Didn’t I tell you that you would see God’s glory if you believed?) In some languages To bring glory to God is simply “to cause people to see how glorious God is” or “… how wonderful God is” or “in order to show people how wonderful God is.”
The last clause of the Greek sentence begins with the subordinate conjunction “so that” (Greek hina). Good News Translation makes it into a coordinate clause beginning with the conjunction and. In Greek the last two words of this clause are literally “through it,” which Good News Translation takes as a reference to Lazarus’ sickness and translates by a verb phrase will be the means by which. In the Greek phrase “through it,” the pronoun “it” is feminine and may refer either to sickness or to glory (feminine nouns in Greek). Although a few commentators understand “it” to refer to God’s glory, a majority of commentators and most translators take “it” to refer to Lazarus’ sickness. In English the verb “to be glorified” is rather awkward. Good News Translation transforms it into a more natural expression: the Son of God will receive glory (Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch “Through it God will make known his Son’s glory”). Again glory may be understood either as “praise” or as the revelation of the true nature of the Son, but here it is specifically a reference to the revelation of the Son’s power to give life. This final clause may be expressed in some languages as “his death will also show people how wonderful the son of God is” or “because of his death people will see how glorious the Son of God is.”
Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of John. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1980. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
This paragraph tells about Jesus’ response to the news that Lazarus was ill.
11:4a
The Greek begins this verse with a conjunction that could indicate something that is not expected, so some translations translate it as “But.” What Jesus said here was not expected. However, it also could just indicate the next thing that happened in the story. Because of that, most English translations like the Berean Standard Bible do not translate this word. Translate this word in a way that is most natural in your language.
When Jesus heard this: This clause introduces what happened when Jesus heard the news that Lazarus was sick. Here is another way to translate this clause:
On receiving the message (New Jerusalem Bible)
He said: This phrase refers to what Jesus said in response to the message from Mary and Martha. He was probably talking to the messenger, telling him what to tell the sisters. In some languages it may be necessary to say to whom Jesus was talking. For example:
Jesus told ⌊the messenger⌋
This sickness will not end in death: The Greek more literally says, “This illness (sickness) is not to death.” This indicates that Lazarus’ illness will not end with Lazarus’ death. Even though Lazarus did die, he came back to life so the final result of Lazarus’ illness was not death. Here are other ways to translate this clause:
The final result of this sickness will not be the death of Lazarus. (Good News Translation)
-or-
That sickness of his, its final result will not be death
11:4b
No: The word the Berean Standard Bible has translated as No here connects a negative statement to a positive statement. The negative statement is “This illness does not lead to death” (11:4a) and the positive statement is “it is for God’s glory” (11:4b). This kind of sentence emphasizes the positive statement. Languages have different ways to indicate this type of emphasis. Here are some ways to show the emphasis:
• Use the conjunction “but.” This Greek conjunction is often translated as “but.” For example:
This sickness will not lead to death, but to God’s glory (NET Bible Bible)
• Use a conjunction other than “but.” This is a common way in English to show this type of emphasis. For example:
His sickness won’t result in death. Instead, this sickness will bring glory to God (God’s Word)
• Do not use a conjunction. For example:
This sickness will not end in death. No, it is for God’s glory (New International Version)
-or-
His sickness won’t end in death. It will bring glory to God (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
The final result of this illness will not be the death of Lazarus; this has happened in order to bring glory to God (Good News Translation)
• Change the order of the clauses. For example:
His illness will result in bringing glory to God. It will not end in death.
You should translate this emphasis in the way that is most natural in your language.
it is for the glory of God: This clause can be understood in two ways:
(1) It indicates that the purpose of Lazarus’ illness was to show how great God is. For example:
through it God’s glory is to be revealed (Revised English Bible)
(Revised English Bible)
(2) it indicates that the purpose of Lazarus’ illness was for God to receive praise through what happened. For example:
in order to bring glory to God (Good News Translation)
(Good News Translation, NET Bible Bible, God’s Word, New Living Translation (2004), Contemporary English Version, New Century Version)
Several translations can be understood in either way (Berean Standard Bible, King James Version, New American Standard Bible, Revised Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version, English Standard Version, New International Version).
Both of these meanings are acceptable. However, the context favors option (1), and so do several modern scholars. And 11:40 refers to the glory of God as something that you see, not something that you give or do. So it is recommended that you follow option (1). If your national language translations follow option (2), you may want to follow that.
for the glory of God: The words the glory of God here refer to the greatness of God, his majesty and power. In some languages it may be natural to translate the noun glory as an adjective. For example:
show how glorious/great God is
11:4c
so that: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as so that introduces a purpose clause. This is another purpose of Lazarus’ illness: that the Son of God will be glorified, that is, praised. For example:
and it will be the means through which (Good News Translation)
the Son of God may be glorified: The words may be glorified mean that Jesus the Son of God will receive glory. People will praise him and recognize that God sent him into the world. This is a passive phrase and there are at least two ways to translate it:
• Use a passive verb, as in the Berean Standard Bible.
• Use an active verb. For example:
to bring glory to the Son of God (New Century Version)
-or-
so that the Son of God will receive glory (God’s Word)
the Son of God: Jesus used this title to refer to himself. In some languages it may be necessary to supply the first-person pronoun “I” or “me.” For example:
⌊I,⌋ the Son of God
The phrase the Son of God is a title for Jesus. This title indicates that Jesus has the same nature and character as God. It also indicates that the relationship between God the Father and Jesus, his Son, is similar in some way to the relationship between human fathers and sons. God the Father does not have a physical body. He did not have a sexual relationship that resulted in Mary becoming pregnant and giving birth to Jesus.
See how you translated the Son of God at 1:34. For further information, see the note on this phrase at 1:34.
through it: This phrase means “through Lazarus’ illness.” It was because of Lazarus’ illness that people would understand that Jesus was the Son of God and glorify him. Lazarus’ illness provided an opportunity for Jesus to display his power and mercy.
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