pride

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The Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic, and Latin that is translated as “pride” in English is translated as

  • “continually boasting” (Amganad Ifugao)
  • “lifting oneself up” (Tzeltal)
  • “answering haughtily” (Yucateco) (source for this and above: Bratcher / Nida)
  • “unbent neck” (like llamas) (Kaqchikel) (source: Nida 1952, p. 151)
  • “praising oneself, saying: I am better” (Shipibo-Conibo) (source: Nida 1964, p. 237).
  • “bigness of head” (existing idiom: girman kai) in the Hausa Common Language Bible it is idiomatically translated as or (Source: Andy Warren-Rothlin)
  • “trying to make yourself the leader” in Mairasi (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • “make oneself important” (sick upspeeln) in Low German (source: translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006)
  • “a haughty liver” in Yakan (source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • “lift head” in Upper Guinea Crioulo (source: Nicoleti 2012, p. 78)

See also proud / arrogant and haughty / proud / heart exalted / exalt oneself above.

inclusive vs. exclusive pronoun (Jeremiah 48:29)

Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)

The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).

For this verse, the Jarai translation uses the inclusive pronoun, including everyone.

complete verse (Jeremiah 48:29)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Jeremiah 48:29:

  • Kupsabiny: “It is heard that Moab is proud
    and (it) has a big pride
    and has shown much boasting (attitude),
    superiority and arrogance.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are very proud. I have-heard how proud you are, and arrogance.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “We have all heard that the people of Moab are very proud;
    they are extremely proud and conceited/arrogant.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Jeremiah 48:29

This verse contains a series of terms and expressions describing Moab’s pride, which are all very similar in meaning: the pride of Moab … very proud … loftiness … pride … arrogance … haughtiness of his heart. In many languages it will be impossible to find so many expressions for pride; and even where they exist, in many instances it will be more effective to use less than five.

The noun translated pride (twice) occurs first in 12.5 (Revised Standard Version “jungle”), but it is also used in 13.9 (Revised Standard Version “jungle”); 49.19; 50.44 (Revised Standard Version “jungle”). We have heard of the pride of Moab may be expressed as “We have heard how proud Moab is.”

The verb form “to be proud” (he is very proud) is used only here in Jeremiah, though it occurs elsewhere in Job 40.11, 12; Psa 94.2; 123.4; 140.5 (Revised Standard Version “arrogant”); Pro 15.25; 16.19; Isa 2.12.

Loftiness appears only here in Jeremiah, though it is derived from the root of the verb used in 13.15 (Revised Standard Version “proud”); 49.16 (Revised Standard Version “make high”). The word gives the impression of people who think they are better than anyone else, who hold themselves aloof.

Arrogance occurs only here in Jeremiah; it comes from the same verb root as the noun rendered pride.

Haughtiness is also used only here in Jeremiah; elsewhere in the Old Testament it is found in Pro 21.4; 25.3 (Revised Standard Version “height”); Isa 2.11, 17; 10.12. The basic meaning of this word is “height.” In other words, it also describes people who hold themselves above everyone else. His heart refers to their thinking, as in “how highly they think of themselves.”

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Stine, Philip C. A Handbook on Jeremiah. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2003. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .