The Hebrew that is transliterated as “Leah” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that signifies weak eyes, referring to Genesis 29:17. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Zebulun” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that signifies “boat” referring to Genesis 49:13. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Simeon” or “Simon” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that signifies “swords,” referring to the traditional Jewish symbol for the tribe. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
The Hebrew that is transliterated as “Reuben” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with the sign for “head” or “leader” referring to the position he had among his brothers as the firstborn. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
The Hebrew, Latin and Greek that is transliterated as “Levi” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that signifies a menorah referring to the temple service of the tribe of the Levites. The same sign is also used for the tribe. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
The name that is transliterated as “Judah” or “Judea” in English (referring to the son of Jacob, the tribe, and the territory) is translated in Spanish Sign Language as “lion” (referring to Genesis 49:9 and Revelation 5:5). This sign for lion is reserved for regions and kingdoms. (Source: John Elwode in The Bible Translator 2008, p. 78ff. and Steve Parkhurst)
The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Issachar” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that signifies “donkey” referring to Genesis 49:14. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 35:23:
Kankanaey: “Those to-whom- Lea -gave-birth, Ruben (who was the firstborn of Jacob), Simeon, Levi, Juda, Issakar, and Zebulun.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Newari: “From Leah — Rueben the eldest, then Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and Zebulun.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
Hiligaynon: “His children with Lea were Reuben, the oldest, then Simeon, Levi, Juda, Isacar, and Zebulun.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
English: “The sons of Leah were Reuben, who was Jacob’s oldest son, then Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and Zebulon.” (Source: Translation for Translators)
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