Language-specific Insights

complete verse (1 Thessalonians 3:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Thessalonians 3:10:

  • Uma: “Night and day we request God with our whole hearts to open a road for us to visit you, relatives, so that we can complete what is lacking in your faith.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Day and night we (excl.) pray to God that we (incl.) may see each other in person so that we (excl.) can help you so that your faith/trust is already whole-hearted.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For day and night we continue praying that He might permit us to see you again and to draw your faith tight if it has any lack.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore daily and nightly, we (excl.) are-sure-to pray to God that we will see-each-other again so that we (excl.) will add-to what is still lacking in your faith.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “It’s true that night and day we (excl.) are always praying (about this), pleading that hopefully we can-see-one-another-face-to-face again, so that w(excl.) can cause to be really understood what you are still lacking in your believing/obeying.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Day and night we ask God that it will be possible for us to go and see you. We want to teach you about those words you do not yet know well.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 20:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:8:

  • Uma: “From there, the one disciple, who had arrived first at the grave, also entered to see, and he believed.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then the other one, who had arrived at the grave as the first, went also inside. When he saw the shroud he believed that Isa was already alive again.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then the one who had preceded entered also. Upon his seeing the cloths that were there, he believed that Jesus had lived again.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “That disciple who had arrived first also went inside then. He then saw it properly and he believed.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Then went inside the other learner who had arrived at the cave first. He saw how it was where Jesus had lain. He believed that now he was alive.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 27:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 27:21:

  • Uma: “So, Governor Pilatus asked the crowds, he said to them: ‘From these two here, who would you like me to release to/for you?’ They answered: ‘Barabas!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Pilatus asked them again, he said, ‘Which one of these two do you want me to set free?’ ‘Barabbas,’ they said.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And the governor, Pilate, asked them again, he said, ‘Which one of these two do you want that I should set free?’ And they said, ‘It is Barabbas.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “So when Pilato inquired again saying, ‘Which of these two do you want me to release?’ ‘Barabbas!’ they said in reply.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore on Pilato’s asking them again, he said, ‘Well, which of these two do you want me to release?’ That crowd replied, ‘Barrabas.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The governor again said to the people: ‘Which of these two people do you want to be released now?’ The people said: ‘Let Barabbas be released.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Thessalonians 5:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Thessalonians 5:11:

  • Uma: “So, relatives, fire-up one another and strengthen each other’s hearts, like you are doing now.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore encourage each other and help each other as you already do.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And since you know this, encourage each other and strengthen the faith of each one of you just like you are now doing.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore continue the way you’ve been comforting-each-other and helping-each-other which continually-strengthens your faith.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore continue that which you are doing now, which is making happy the mind/inner-being of one another and mutually-helping by strengthening the believing/obeying of one another also.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Let your hearts be encouraged, and strengthen one another, just like you do now.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “Therefore each of you (pl.) must make good talk to your companions in order to encourage them (lit. strengthen their interiors), similarly as you are doing.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Mairasi: “Therefore make each other’s livers good [encourage] then/also strengthen each other. That is what you already regularly do.” (Source: Enggavoter 2004)

complete verse (John 21:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 21:9:

  • Uma: “When they came down at the shore, they saw there was a fire that had been lighted there with glowing coals, and on the fire there was fish and there was also bread.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When they got out at the shore, they saw fish roasting on embers and there was also bread.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when they had come ashore they saw a charcoal fire, and there was there fish and bread being toasted.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When they got-out-of the boat, they saw fish being-roasted on glowing coals. There was also bread.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When they came ashore there at the edge, they looked and there was a fire which had fish already roasting and there were a few units of bread set down.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When they arrived at the shore, there was a fire burning there. Some fish were on it to cook. Also there was bread.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 27:53)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 27:53:

  • Uma: “After Yesus came back alive, they appeared/came-out of their graves, and they entered the village of Yerusalem, the holy village. Many people saw them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When Isa was alive again they came out from the caves where they had been buried and went to Awrusalam. Many people saw them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they went out of the burial place. And when Jesus also had come back to life, those who were raised walked around in the town of Jerusalem, and many saw them as they were walking around.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “and left their burial-places. At Jesus’ coming-to-life again, they went to Jerusalem which was the Holy City, and many saw them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “They came out of the grave, and when Jesus had come alive again, they entered that far from ordinary city of Jerusalem. Many saw them.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When they resurrected, they came out of the tombs. But when Jesus later resurrected, these people who had resurrected went to the holy city of Jerusalem. There they were seen by many people that they lived again.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (2 Thessalonians 2:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Thessalonians 2:3:

  • Uma: “No matter how the words of others are, don’t allow yourselves to be deceived. For before that day comes, these two things have to happen first: many people will retreat from their faith, and an evil person will appear who will oppose God. That evil person, he will be proud [lit., his heart will be high], he will put himself [lit., his life] ahead of all that is worshipped on earth. And he will dare [emphatic] to sit in the House of God, saying that he is God. So, it is certain ahead of time that he will be thrown into hell.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Whatever (happens) don’t let yourselves be fooled/deceived. (lit. how-how don’t you want caused-to-be-stupid.) Because before that day arrives most people have to be against God/oppose God, then also the most wicked person has to appear/come out first. He will really oppose God’s law and his portion is in/he belongs to hell.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You must not believe any word from any lying people. For that day cannot yet come to pass if the rebellion of people against God has not yet taken place. At that time the person who is the greatest transgressor will be revealed. He has been destined to go to hell.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Whatever they say, don’t be deceived into believing that, because it’s not possible for that day to arrive until many people come-forth who oppose God and the one who opposes all of God’s laws who is destined to be punished in hell will also appear.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Please, whatever they come out with, be careful that you aren’t misled. For it’s true, this returning of the Lord won’t just be able to be fulfilled anyway if it hasn’t yet been reached that God will be opposed by all-people/humanity with real opposition, and the one called Epitome of Rebelliousness will appear-on-the-scene, for whom God already has unending punishment in store.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “No matter how many tell you this, do not let them deceive you. Because before the day when the Lord arrives, it is necessary that first there go about people who are disobedient and become enemies of God. When this happens, then there will appear the person who surpasses in sin. This one has already been determined to be punished.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 1:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 1:16:

  • Uma: “‘Relatives, what is written in the Holy Book must be fulfilled. Long-ago with the lips of King Daud, the Holy Spirit foretold ahead-of-time about Yudas, who led the people who caught Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘My brothers,’ he said, ‘the word/message of the Holy Spirit which he caused Da’ud to write must be fulfilled. That word/message was about Judas ley (deceased), the guide of the persons/people who seized Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘Siblings/cousins, it is not possible that the prophecies which are the written word of God are not fulfilled. Long ago the Holy Spirit inspired David, and he prophesied about Judas, the one who delivered Jesus to those who seized him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Siblings/cousins, it-was-necessary that what the Holy Spirit caused-David -to-write long ago be fulfilled concerning what happened to Judas. This Judas was the one who led those who captured Jesus,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He said, ‘My siblings in believing, it isn’t possible/acceptable that the word/speech of David of the past not be fulfilled, which was written through the inspiring by the Espiritu Santo concerning Judas who led those who arrested Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “‘You my brothers. David wrote what the Holy Spirit told him about Judas. Now that word of God must happen. Judas helped those who caught Jesus.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “‘My brothers in Christ, a long time ago the Holy Spirit of God caused David to write the paper about what would happen to Judas. This Judas betrayed Jesus when they took hold of him. And it had to happen what David wrote.” (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)