Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Hebrews 9:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Hebrews 9:22:

  • Uma: “We can say like this: according to the Law of Musa, almost everything must be cleaned with blood. If there is no blood-sacrifice [lit., bleeding, a term for an animal killed in a ritual], our sins are not forgiven.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Really, the law says hep that almost anything becomes clean/holy only through blood. And the sins of mankind can be forgiven only when blood flows.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The Law teaches that it’s necessary to annoint with blood almost every thing that they used to worship with. And in the same way also, the only way the sins of the people can be forgiven is if there is a blood sacrifice.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because according to the law, the cleansing of essentially everything, it requires blood. It is also not possible for sins to be forgiven if no blood flows-out.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For according to what the laws said, it’s like there is no other means-of-cleansing anything in God’s sight except blood. Well, like that too, there is no removing of sin in/from his sight if there is no blood shed.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “It is written in the law that concerning the blood of animals which have been killed, there where the blood is applied, then it becomes all right. But while the people have not yet killed anything to make a sacrifice, then there is not forgiveness for their sins.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 13:40)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 13:40:

  • Uma: “‘But we must be careful, so that it does not happen to us like God said with the lips of the prophets long ago. He said:” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Na, be careful so that it will not happen to you what was written by the prophets, saying,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Get ready so that it will not happen to you that which was prophesied long ago in the word of God which was written by an inspired one who said,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “So therefore be-careful so that it will not happen to you what the spokesman of God told previously, saying,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore be careful so that you won’t experience what is said in the writing of the prophets,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 12:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 12:5:

  • Uma: “From there, he sent another slave. When he arrived there, they just/actually killed him. That was how they treated every slave he sent: some they wounded, some they killed.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then he sent again another one of his servants but they killed him. After that, he still sent many others of his servants. Some they beat/inflicted-pain-on and some were killed.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And the owner sent still another servant, and they killed this servant. Then were many others also following whom he sent. They beat some of them, and they killed some of them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “So three-times he sent slaves, but this third one, they killed. There were also those-who-took-their-places whom he sent, but they whipped some and they killed some.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He just sent another of his slaves, but they killed that one. They kept doing like that to still others who were sent. Some they ganged up on to ill-treat and some they killed.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Hebrews 10:26)

Following are a number of back-translations of Hebrews 10:26:

  • Uma: “Don’t let-go-of your faith, relatives. For if we have heard and know the true news from the Lord, yet after that we deliberately reject him, there no longer [emphatic] is any other worship-gift that can pay-for our sin.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For if we (dual) know already the true teaching but yet purposely sin, na, there really no longer is a sacrifice that God will accept that could yet remove our (incl.) sins.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But if we understand already what the true doctrine is, but purposely go on always doing evil, there is no longer any sacrifice which God will accept that will remove our sins.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because if we have already come-to-know the truth concerning Cristo and we still deliberately sin in/by our turning-our -backs-on him, there is no other offering that can remove our sins.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For if the truth concerning the death of Jesus has now really pierced our minds/inner-being, but we still regard- it -as-unimportant in that we deliberately still continue our doing of sin, there really is now no other thing-to-sacrifice with-which-to-obtain-forgiveness for our sin.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But concerning the person who already knows what is the true word and yet determines to live doing evil, afterwards then there is no sacrifice which will clear the sin he has done.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 14:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 14:20:

  • Uma: “But in fact, while the followers of Yesus stood around him, suddenly he got up and he straightway entered the town. The next day, he went with Barnabas to the town of Derbe.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But when the trusters in Isa gathered around Paul, he got up and he returned into that city. The next day he went with Barnabas to the place Derbe.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, when the believers gathered around him, he got up and returned to the town. Then on the next day Paul and Barnabas went to the town of Derbe.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But when the believers surrounded (him), he got-up and returned to the town. The next day (lit. Upon its getting-light), Pablo and Barnabas went to Derbe.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But no. When those who had thrown left, while the believers were standing around him, he got up for he had regained conciousness. When he felt better, they returned to the city. Next day he and Bernabe set out to go on to Derbe.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 12:37)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 12:37:

  • Uma: “Yet Daud himself calls him his Lord. With the leading of the Holy Spirit Daud speaks of the Redeemer King like this: The Lord God said to my Lord: ‘Sit on my right side until I make all your (sing.) enemies submit to You (sing.).’ So, if the Redeemer King is indeed a descendant of Daud, why does Daud call him his Lord?’ A great many people had gathered in the House of God at that time, and they were happy to hear his teaching.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Na, look,’ said Isa, ‘if Da’ud calls Almasi his Lord, surely he is not just/only his descendant but he is still greater than Da’ud.’ The crowds were glad to listen to the teaching/preaching of Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus continued speaking, he said, ‘If David said that the expected king was his Lord, can it be that he was just a descendant of David?’ The many people really liked that teaching of Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus went-on to say, ‘If David said that the Messiah was his Lord, how is it that he is David’s descendant?’ And the large-group of people liked to listen to what he was saying.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “In that, David indeed was the one who called him his Lord. Well, if it’s like that, isn’t it clear that this Cristo isn’t just the descendant of David?’ Everybody listened well, for that teaching of Jesus pleased them.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tlahuitoltepec Mixe: “If he is his boss, how will he only be his grandchild? …” (Source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Hebrews 11:19)

Following are a number of back-translations of Hebrews 11:19:

  • Uma: “For Abraham said, God is powerful to make Ishak live again from death. So, we can say: he got his child back from death.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For Ibrahim thought that if for example Isahak died God could make him alive again. And Isahak was figuratively raised again from death because if God had not hindered Ibrahim, Isahak would surely have died.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For Abraham was thinking that if Isaac died, God would be able to raise him up; and it’s as if Isaac was raised from the dead at that time, because Abraham was thinking that it was certainly true that he was going to die.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because Abraham was thinking that God was able to make-Isaac -live again. And it’s as if he did make-him-live again, because if God had not stopped Abraham, he would have carried-through and killed that son of his.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because sticking-into the mind/inner-being of Abraham was his trust that even though Isaac were to die now, God would indeed make-him-live. And even though Abraham did not in fact go through with killing (him) because God forbade him, you could say that it’s really like Isaac just came alive again.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Therefore Abraham believed that God truly has power to cause that anew Isaac would live when he had been dead. But since it happened that Isaac did not die, it can be said that anew he lived because Abraham had already determined to kill him.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 15:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 15:24:

  • Uma: “‘We(excl.) have heard that several people from us (excl.) here went there and confused you and shook up your faith with their teaching. So, so that you know, it was not we (excl.) who sent them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “We (excl.) heard that there are reportedly disciples of Isa from us (excl.) here who went there to trouble your minds because of their teaching. We (excl.) did not tell them to do that.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “We have heard a report that there are some of our companions who are Jews who have troubled you because you are confused by their teaching. However, we did not send them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There are reportedly those who came-from here who went to disturb you by teaching what is wrong/different. But we (excl.) had not given them authority to do that.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “We(excl.) have sent a letter for we (excl.) heard news that some people coming from us (excl.) here have been troubling you for they have been agitating your minds/thinking with their teaching. It’s necessary for you to know that we (excl.) didn’t send them to do that which they were doing.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)