Language-specific Insights

complete verse (2 Timothy 4:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Timothy 4:21:

  • Uma: “You come quickly before the cold time arrives! Many greetings from Ebulus, Pudes, Linus and Klaudia, and from all the one-faith relatives who are here.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Timoteo, really try to come to me soon (lit. easily) so that you are not reached by the strong winds on the way. Ubulus, Pudes, Linus and Kalauda send word there to you that they remember you. Likewise the rest of our (incl.) brothers who trust Isa here.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Quickly come here before the rainy season starts. Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the believers here send greetings to you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Put-yourself-(sing.)-to-hardship to come here before (lit. then) frost-season. Eubulus, Pudens, Linus and Claudia and all the other believers who are here, likewise also of-course they send-you (sing.) -greetings.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well as-was-said, supposing you have the opportunity, it’s good if you will be able to come here at once, before the time of cold season. You are greeted by Eubulo, Pudente, Lino, Claudia and others here who are our siblings in believing.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “And you, earnestly try to come before the cold rains begin. Concerning Eubulus, he sends you greetings. Also Pudens greets you. Also Linus along with Claudia, and all the other brethren here, all of them greet you.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 7:50)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 7:50:

  • Uma: “Seeing that I am the one who made everything!’ Thus are the Words of the Lord.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘For I am the one who made the sky and the world/earth.’ ‘” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “because I am the one who created this earth and all the things that are in it.’ ‘” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because it is I who made all that exists.’ That’s what God caused-to-be-written back then,’ said Esteban.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “since I indeed am the one who created all these things?”” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 6:34)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 6:34:

  • Uma: “When Yesus got out of the boat, he saw many people waiting for him. His love welled up seeing them, for their appearance was like sheep that are not shepherded. He taught them many things.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When Isa came-to-the-shore (takas) he saw very many people and he had pity on them, for they were like sheep (and) nobody cared for them. So-then he taught them a lot.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When Jesus got out of the boat, he saw that many people were gathered there. He pitied them because they seemed like domestic animals, sheep, with no one to care for them. They were very pitiful. For this reason he taught them many things.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When plural Jesus landed and they got-out of the boat, he saw the many people, and he felt-pity for them, because they were like sheep that had no one to care-for them. Then he began to teach them many things.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore when Jesus descended from the place he had gone to, he saw many people again. He pitied those people for they were just like sheep without a shepherd. Therefore Jesus began again to teach them many things.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Titus 2:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Titus 2:15:

  • Uma: “So, Titus, you must teach them all those earlier things. Fire their hearts and admonish them. Don’t be shy/embarrassed, for you have authority [lit., seat] to teach them. Don’t let/allow anyone to not pay attention to you.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The foregoing (lit. that is that) teach to the people and stop them/tell-them-not-to when/if they do bad because you have the authority to forbid them and to teach them. Nobody should put you down/criticize you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for all of these things I have said, teach them to the people there. Use your authority to control them. Advise and rebuke them. It is necessary that no one looks down on you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Those-aforementioned are what you (sing.) are to teach people there (near addressee) while also you (sing.) advise them to follow (those-aforementioned) and make-known if they have faults. In your (sing.) doing these, show all your (sing.) authority so that they-don’t deprecate/belittle -you.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore as for these things, you are to explain/make-clear them all. Strengthen-the-mind/encourage those you are overseeing in their believing/obeying, and rebuke if there’s something you find fault with, for you have indeed been given the authority. And ensure that they don’t disregard these words of yours.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “This is the word that you must teach the people. Encourage them to live well. Reprimand them when they do not do right. This is the work which God gave to you. Don’t want that you are not respected.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 8:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 8:22:

  • Uma: “Repent from your (sing.) sin, and ask the Lord to forgive the evil intention of your (sing.) heart.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So repent of that evil you are thinking and ask forgiveness from God, perhaps he will forgive that evil you are thinking.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Remove from your breath this evil you are thinking and beg for forgiveness from God because he might forgive you for what you thought,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Repent therefore of those evil thoughts and purposes of yours (sing.), and plead with God that if it may be possible, he will forgive you (sing.).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore now, repent-of/be-sorry-for this evil of yours. Pray about it to God, that if possible, he will forgive you for this which you are thinking in your mind/inner-being.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “Now change your heart from the evil and ask forgiveness of the Lord in order that he can forgive you of the evil you were thinking.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Mark 7:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 7:10:

  • Uma: “In the Law of Musa is written like this: ‘We must honor our father and mother.’ And ‘the one who curses his father or mother must be killed.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For God spoke hep in the law which he gave to Musa for the people, he said, ‘Honor your mother-father.’ And, ‘Whoever speaks bad of/to his mother or father, he should be killed.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The word of God which Moses commanded you long ago says, ‘Honor your father and your mother.’ He also commanded, ‘he who speaks evil to his father or mother must be killed.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because what God had-Moses -write, it says, ‘Honor your (sing.) father and your (sing.) mother,’ and ‘If someone speaks-evil-of his father or his mother, it-is-necessary that he die.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For like it is said in this law of God which was written by Moises, ‘Honor your (sing.) father and your mother,’ and ‘Whoever will speak evil to his father or mother, or speak-evil-behind-their-backs, what’s fitting for him is to be killed.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Philemon 1:17)

Following are a number of back-translations of Philemon 1:17:

  • Uma: “So, relative, since you consider me your one-faith friend, I request that you receive back Onesimus like you were receiving me.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then, if we (dual) are still good friends, Pilemon, accept/receive him as you would receive me.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And if you regard me as your partner, welcome Onesimus just like you would welcome me.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore if it’s true that you (sing.) consider me your (sing.) companion/partner who believes, receive him upon-his-return as you (sing.) would receive me.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore, since our unity/harmony in standing up for the Lord is really very-strong, receive this Onesimo with a happy mind/inner-being in that in your estimation, I personally am the one you are receiving.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Therefore if you are friends with me, then give a welcome to Onesimus just like you would give me a welcome.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 9:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 9:14:

  • Uma: “Yet he also has come here, with authority from the leading priests, to arrest all the people who call-out to you (sing.), Lord.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And he is now here in Damaskus with his authority from the leading priests to seize all who call on your name.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And he has come here to Damascus because he is permitted by the chief priests to arrest all who call upon you.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And now reportedly, he has come here and the leaders of the priests have given him authority to arrest all of us (excl.) who worship you (sing.),’ Ananias said.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And his purpose also here in Damasco is indeed like that. He has been permitted by the chiefs of the priests to go arresting all who worship and pray to you here.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)