Gad

The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Gad” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with the sign for “tent,” signifying army tents that refer to Genesis 49:19. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Gad” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

More information on Gad (son of Jacob) and the Tribe of Gad .

Asher

The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Asher” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign for “(oak) tree” that signifies fruitfulness (referring to Genesis 49:20). (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Asher” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

More information on Asher and the Tribe of Asher .

complete verse (Exodus 1:4)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 1:4:

  • Kupsabiny: “Dan, Naphtali, gad and Asher.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Dan, Napthali, Gad, and Asher.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Dan, Naftali, Gad, and Asher.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “and Dan and Naptali and Gat and Aser.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “and Dan, and Naphtali, and Gad, and Asher.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Dan, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Exod 1:2 - 1:4

Jacob had twelve sons, and verses 2, 3, and 4 name eleven of them according to their four mothers, with Reuben, the eldest, listed first. (See Gen 35.23-26.) The word and is introduced in the Hebrew for convenience in reading and does not always represent the four groups of brothers. Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun, were all sons of Jacob’s first wife Leah. Benjamin and Joseph were sons of Rachel, Jacob’s second wife, but Joseph is not listed here because “Joseph was already in Egypt” (verse 5). Dan and Naphtali were sons of Rachel’s maid, and Gad and Asher were sons of Leah’s maid.

Quoted with permission from Osborn, Noel D. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Exodus. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1999. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .