The term that is transliterated as “Nebuchadnezzar” in English is translated in American Sign Language with the signs for “king” and one signifying a wavy beard, referring to the common way of wearing a beard in Mesopotamia (see here ). (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)
“Nebuchadnezzar” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor
In Spanish Sign Language it is translated with a sign depicting “idol in my image,” referring to Daniel 3:1. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
The name that is transliterated as “Judah” or “Judea” in English (referring to the son of Jacob, the tribe, and the territory) is translated in Spanish Sign Language as “lion” (referring to Genesis 49:9 and Revelation 5:5). This sign for lion is reserved for regions and kingdoms. (Source: John Elwode in The Bible Translator 2008, p. 78ff. and Steve Parkhurst)
The name that is transliterated as “Jerusalem” in English is signed in French Sign Language with a sign that depicts worshiping at the Western Wall in Jerusalem:
While a similar sign is also used in British Sign Language, another, more neutral sign that combines the sign “J” and the signs for “place” is used as well. (Source: Anna Smith)
“Jerusalem” in British Sign Language (source: Christian BSL, used with permission)
Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of 1 Chronicles 6:15:
Kupsabiny: “Jozadak was taken to live in another country when God allowed Nebuchadnezzar to drive the people of Judah and Jerusalem to live in a country which was not their own.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
Newari: “When the LORD, through Nebuchadnezzar, expelled the people of Judah and Jerusalem from the land, Jehoshaphat was also expelled.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
Hiligaynon: “This Jehozadak was-included with the captives when the LORD caused- Nebuchadnezzar -to-take-captive those of/from-Juda and those of/from-Jerusalem.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
English: “Jehozadak was forced to leave his home when Yahweh sent King Nebuchadnezzar’s army to capture many people in Jerusalem and other places in Judah and compel them to go to Babylonia.” (Source: Translation for Translators)
And Jehozadak went into exile when the LORD sent Judah and Jerusalem into exile: Judah here refers to “the people of Judah” (Contemporary English Version, New Living Translation; similarly Good News Translation). Bible en français courant says “the kingdom of Judah.” The phrase Judah and Jerusalem must often be expressed differently in some languages to avoid giving the impression that two totally separate geographical areas are in view. Since Jerusalem was the capital of Judah, some translators say “Jerusalem and the rest of Judah” or “Judah with its capital, Jerusalem.”
By the hand of Nebuchadnezzar: Nebuchadnezzar was a famous king of Babylonia, who ruled 605–562 B.C. He may be identified as “King Nebuchadnezzar” (Good News Translation). It was the LORD who sent the people into exile, but the means he used was Nebuchadnezzar. The word hand refers to the power or perhaps, in this context, the instrumentality of this king. Nouvelle version Segond révisée and Nouvelle Bible Segond translate it “intermediary.” Good News Translation‘s restructuring of this verse may be a helpful model in some languages since it makes Nebuchadnezzar the subject of the sentence and the agent of the action. A literal rendering of Revised Standard Version, which reflects the Hebrew, may be quite unnatural and possibly give the impression that Jehozadak went into exile without being forced to do so.
Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on 1-2 Chronicles, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2014. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
⌊King Nebuchadnezzar⌋ took Jehozadak/Jozadak away from his homeland ⌊to Babylon country⌋ .
6:15b when the LORD sent Judah and Jerusalem into exile by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar.
whom ⌊King⌋ Nebuchadnezzar took by force. ⌊He took Israelites⌋ from Judah ⌊region⌋ and Jerusalem ⌊city to his country, Babylon⌋ . Yahweh allowed this ⌊to happen⌋ . -or-
Yahweh sent ⌊King⌋ Nebuchadnezzar to take away ⌊many⌋ people from Jerusalem ⌊city⌋ and ⌊the rest of⌋ Judah ⌊area⌋ . ⌊They⌋ became captives/prisoners ⌊in Babylon country⌋ .
6:15a-b (reordered)
Yahweh sent the people of ⌊the region of⌋ Judah and ⌊its capital city of⌋ Jerusalem to ⌊the kingdom of Babylonia⌋ . ⌊He did this⌋ through Nebuchadnezzar, ⌊king of Babylonia. Nebuchadnezzar⌋ caught and took many of them away, including Seraiah’s son Jozadak. -or-
At that time, Yahweh caused/sent ⌊King⌋ Nebuchadnezzar to come and conquer the people of Judah ⌊region⌋ and ⌊its capital city⌋ Jerusalem. He took them away as captives ⌊to Babylon⌋ . Jozadak was one of those captives.
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