The Greek, Latin and Hebrew that is translated as “naked” in English is translated in Enlhet with a figure of speech: “(one’s) smoothness.” (Source: Jacob Loewen in The Bible Translator 1969, p. 24ff. )
In Elhomwe the word for “naked” is “shameful to use, and would never be used by a preacher in church.” Therefore “without clothes” is used. (Source: project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
In Cherokee it is translated as “being in a bodily state.” (source: Bender / Belt 2025, p. 30)
In the Catholic Mandarin ChineseSigao version and the Protestant Union Version, historical Chinese idioms are used: chìshēn lòutǐ (赤身露體 / 赤身露体) or chìshēn luǒtǐ (赤身裸體 / 赤身裸体): “bare and uncovered body.” (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)
The Greek that is translated as “bewildered” or similar in English is translated in the Catholic Mandarin ChineseSigao version with a historical Chinese idiom: cānghuáng shīcuò (倉皇失措 / 仓皇失措) or “panicked and at a loss.” (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)
The Hebrew and Greek that is translated as “unshaken,” “steadfast,” “persevere,” “stand firm,” “trustworthy,” “guaranteed,” “established,” “confirm” or similar in English is translated in the Catholic Mandarin ChineseSigao version with a historical Chinese idiom: jiāndìng bùyí (堅定不移 / 坚定不移), lit. “firm and immovable.” (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)
The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “wise in one’s own eyes,” “act too wise” or similar in English is translated in the Catholic Mandarin ChineseSigao version with a historical Chinese idiom: zìzuò cōngmíng (自作聰明 / 自作聪明) or “thinking you’re so clever (lit. “make self smart”).” (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)
The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “haughty,” “proud,” “heart exalted,” “exalt oneself above” or similar in English is translated in the Catholic Mandarin ChineseSigao version with a historical Chinese idiom: xīngāo qìào (心高氣傲 / 心高气傲), lit. “heart high and air prideful.” (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)
The Hebrew and Greek that is translated as “eagerness,” “wish,” “own accord,” “gladly,” “willingly” or similar in English is translated in the Protestant Mandarin ChineseUnion Version with a historical Chinese idiom: dàhuò quánshèng (大獲全勝 / 大获全胜), lit. “large success and victorious.”
The Catholic Sigao version uses the same idiom in Romans 8:37. (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)
The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “change one’s mind,” “come to one’s senses,” “repent,” “turn hearts,” “convert,” “restore,” or similar in English is translated in these verses in the Catholic Mandarin ChineseSigao version with a historical Chinese idiom: huíxīn zhuǎnyì (回心轉意 / 回心转意) or “change mind (lit. “return heart, change mind”).” (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)
The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “alarmed,” “shaken,” “panicked,” “confounded,” “confused” or similar in English is translated in the Catholic Mandarin ChineseSigao version with historical Chinese idioms: jīnghuāng shīcuò (驚慌失措 / 惊慌失措) and jīnghuáng shīcuò (驚惶失措 / 惊惶失措): “panicked and at a loss.” (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)
