Following are a number of back-translations of Hebrews 12:2:
Uma: “Our eyes aim-at Yesus, our Leader who slashed/blazed our way and who brought-to-completion our faith. He endured suffering to the point that he died on the cross. Death on a cross was something very shameful. But even so, it didn’t matter-to-him, he chose to die crucified, for he kept in-his-mind’s-eye [lit., kept in-eye-eye, cf. 11:26] the gladness that he would get afterwards. Now he has sat down at the right side of the Seat of God in heaven.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “We (dual) should cause our (dual) trust to remain/be-steadfast in Isa because he is the source of our (incl.) trust and he is its goal. He endured being nailed to the post and he was not ashamed to die on that post, because he knew that God would reward him with something causing joy. Na, now he is there sitting at the right hand side of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Let us hold tight to our faith in Jesus because He is the one who is the origin of our faith, and by means also of Him, our faith will be drawn tight. He endured being nailed to the cross and He was not shamed by His being killed, but rather He thought how happy would be His situation after He had finished that suffering. And now He sat down on the very high in rank seat which is on the right side of God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “with our minds concentrated on Jesus, because he is the one who leads us and who makes-sufficient our faith. Because of the joy that he was anticipating, he endured his suffering on the cross, never-minding his being-shamed, and now/today he is seated at the right-side of the one who is ruling who is God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “(What’s) necessary is, we will keep our eyes fixed (fig.) on Jesus, who is the one who showed us all what complete and unequalled trust and believing/obeying God is like. He just regarded-as-nothing the big-size of the shame of his death on the cross because what he was always causing-to-dominate his mind/inner-being was, the far-from-ordinary happiness that would be his in heaven. And-so now, he is now sitting on the right side of God’s seat of kingship.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “Always let our hearts dwell upon Jesus Christ. Because it is he who caused that we believed that it is true what God says. And it is he who will cause that we believe well forever. This Jesus Christ, even though it is shameful for someone to die on the cross, yet he was not ashamed. He endured all the suffering he went through on the cross. For he knew that when the suffering would be past, then greater would he have joy, being there at the right of God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 16:6:
Uma: “The Holy Spirit did not allow Paulus and his companions to announce the Word of the Lord God in the province of Asia. That is why they changed their intention, and they went through the land of Frigia and Galatia.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Na, Paul and company travelled crossing through the land Pirigiya and the land Galatiya because the Holy Spirit did not allow them to go to the land Asiya to proclaim the word/message of God there.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then they passed through the towns of Phrygia and Galatia, because they were not permitted by the Holy Spirit to preach the word of God in the province of Asia.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Then plural Pablo walked through the region of Frigia and Galacia, because the Holy Spirit prohibited their going to Asia to go preach there.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “The journey of Pablo-and-co passed through the countries called Frigia and Galacia. But since they had it put in their minds by the Espiritu Santo not to go teaching in Asia, that’s why they then went toward Misia.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 14:11:
Uma: “They were happy to hear his plan, and they promised to give him money. From there, Yudas searched for a good opportunity to sell Yesus to his enemies.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Na, when they heard what Judas said, they were very happy and they promised to give him money. So-then after that, Judas looked out for a good time when he would hand Isa over to them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when the leaders knew why he had come, they were very much pleased. They promised to give Judas money. And beginning from then, Judas was looking for a way to betray Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Great was their happiness and they promised to give him money. Then Judas began to search for his opportunity to betray Jesus.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When those Judas had gone to heard, they were glad, and promised they would give him money. Well from then on, Judas looked for a time when he could hand-over Jesus to those who wanted to arrest (him).” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Hebrews 13:5:
Uma: “Also, don’t desire money too much. Be happy with what you have. For there are words of God that say: ‘I will not abandon you (sing.), I will not leave you (sing.).'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “You should not crave money instead whatever you have you should be thankful for. God says hep, ‘I will not leave you, I will not abandon you.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Be on your guard so that your desire for money is not too much. It’s necessary that you be satisfied with what you own, because God said, ‘I will not leave you and I will not abandon you.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Don’t grab-after money but rather be content with what you have, because God said, ‘I will absolutely not abandon or turn-my-back-on you.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “It’s necessary that you live not wanting-to-get-rich. What’s good is, be happy with just-as-much-as you have (lit. can find), not always wanting-to-add-to-it. Because here is what God said, he said, ‘I really will never separate-from/divorce or abandon you.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “Do not think that money is supremely important. Be content with whatever thing God gives you. Because God says: ‘I will not forget you. And I will not separate from you.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 16:38:
Uma: “Those police returned and brought-back the words of Paulus to the rulers. When the rulers heard that Paulus and Silas were actually Roma people, they were afraid.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “The policemen told the officials those words of Paul. When they heard that Paul and Silas had papers that they were Romans, they were afraid.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then the police went and told this to the officials what Paul had said. And when they had learned this, that Paul and Silas were subjects of the town of Roma, they were afraid.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “The police went to report-the-negative-news to the judges, and they became-afraid upon hearing that Pablo and Silas were Romano.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Therefore the pulis then returned to those who had sent them, and related what Pablo had said. When those highest officials heard that apparently Pablo and Silas had Romanoship, they became very afraid.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 14:43:
Uma: “While Yesus was still speaking, Yudas, one of his twelve disciples, arrived. And with him were many other people who were carrying swords and clubs. They had been sent by the leading priests, religion teachers and Yahudi elders.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then while Isa was still speaking, Judas arrived. He was one of the twelve disciples of Isa. Very many people followed Judas having swords (barung) and carrying clubs. They had been commanded to go by the leaders of the priests and the teachers of the religious law and the elders.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “While Jesus was still talking, Jduas, one of the twelve apostles, came to him. With him were people armed with swords and clubs. They had been sent by the high priests, the teachers of the law, and the elders of the Jews.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “While Jesus was still speaking, Judas arrived who was one of those who were his twelve disciples. He had many accompanying-him whom the leaders of the priests and the elders of the Jews had sent who were carrying swords and clubs.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Jesus was still speaking when Judas arrived who was indeed one of those twelve discples. He was being accompanied by lots of people, each one having a weapon (usually a blade), clubs being what some held. They had been sent by the chiefs of the priests, the explainers of law and the important tribal leaders.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of James 1:12:
Uma: “Blessed/Fortunate are people who withstand in difficulties and temptations. For if they last/are-patient, they will receive the good life that God promised to the people who love him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “A person is glad if he remains/is steadfastly with God even if/when he endures troubles/sorrows. For if his trust does not move even in troubles/sorrows he will be given everlasting life in heaven. This is the reward/repayment God promised to those who love him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Far better off is the person who thoroughly endures when he is tested. For when it is seen that his faith is correct, he will be given life forever which is what God has promised to all who hold him dear in their breath.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Happy is the person who is hardshipped, who perseveres in following God, because if/when it is confirmed that his faith is steadfast, he will receive the reward that God has promised to the one who loves him which is the life that has no end.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “The person can really be happy who remains true in his believing/obeying God, even though he is being reached by hardships which are testing of this believing/obeying of his. For as long as he holds fast, it’s certain that he will receive the reward which is life without ending, for that’s what God has promised to all who hold him dear.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “Fortunate is the person who endures all the suffering he passes through. Because to that person who endures, God has said that he (that person) will live together with him forever. This is what God has promised to all who truly love God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
This verse is translated in Guhu-Samane as “The man who is unmovable in a test is in a happy condition. For those who love God are the ones into whose armbands he promised to insert the victory flower of life. So then, after the test is over that man will have the victory flower inserted.”
Handman (2015, p. 115) comments on this: “This suggests that Richert created an underlying message that put the verse in logical, sequential order. God promised man ‘the crown of life’ before anyone actually received it. Therefore, the promise appears before the description of receiving the gift. The underlying message likely mirrored the following organization:
A man who perseveres under a trial is a good man. God promised this crown of life to those who love him. When he passes the test, then he will receive the crown of life.
“‘Crown of life’ in the Greek and most English versions becomes ‘flower of life (slipped through an armband)’ in Richert’s translation, a reference to a flower put in a man’s armband as a sign of prestige or victory. Richert was concerned to use the right words and expressions, in the right order, to make the biblical text as comprehensible as possible.'”
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 17:30:
Uma: “Long ago, if we worshipped lord that were not true like that, God did not punish us. He closed his eyes at that foolishness of ours. But as of now, he orders all mankind all over the world to repent from their sins.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Formerly, because the people were still ignorant about God, God didn’t do anything about those doings of theirs. But now God’s command to all humans/people everywhere is, that they must be sorry-for/regret their sins and let-go of them, not doing them again.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “A long time ago when mankind did not know who he was, he overlooked people’s bad doings, but now he has commanded all people everywhere that they have done with their bad doings.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Previously, God put-up-with the bad/wrong-things (lit. different) that people were doing, because they had not yet come-to-know him. But now, he has commanded that all people must turn-their-backs-on the bad-things they are doing.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “In the past, it’s like God put up with the errors of people who had no knowledge concerning him. But now, he warns all people in whatever place that they now repent and let go of all their sin.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
