Introduction to Tobit (Christian Community Bible)

(The Catholic Christian Community Bible [first English edition 1997, other translations into Indonesian, Chinese, Cebuano, Chavacano, French, Ilonggo, Korean, Quechuan, Spanish, and Tagalog] “for the Christian Communities of the Third World” uses the following introduction.)

The Book of Tobit is one of the later books of the Scriptures. It goes back two centuries before the Common Era. The original text, written in Aramaic, became lost but it had been translated into Greek.

In the last two centuries before Jesus, the dispersed Jews among the nations grew to be much more numerous than those who were living in Palestine. Even when living in foreign countries, far from the Promised Land, was considered a disgrace, they were doing quite well. Just as it would be the case later in the Christian world, many in the Jewish world discovered the benefits of that new vocation as minorities in the pagan world and to be the witnesses of divine revelation in the world. The families who wanted to remain faithful in their observance of the law were relying on their communities where the synagogue weekly worship was celebrated with reading the Scripture together.

However, they were aware that for the most part, the future of Judaism depended on the families’ transmission of their identity as people of God. It was necessary to prevent the Jews from intermingling with the people who surrounded them and to keep them from forgetting their vocation. In particular, the father of the family was to bear witness to the faith that he lived each day.

The author of the Book of Tobit wanted to provide the Jews with a model. To write his story, he took his inspiration from a story of “The Grateful Dead.” A generous man had discovered an unburied corpse and he had buried it with dignity. Later on, in the course of a journey, a stranger approached him, started to walk with him and he freed him from various dangers. When this generous man wanted to compensate him, the stranger revealed to him that he was the dead man whom he had buried and then he disappeared.

The author of the Book of Tobit used this plot and he introduced the angel… The old story of Tobit has not lost its value at a time when many Christians do not know anything about the path that Jesus proclaimed to us. We have relied too much on “the Church,” on the catechism being taught by priests, and very often, parents are not able to transmit the word of God.

Down below are the introductions in the Mandarin Chinese and Spanish editions.

Translation: Mandarin Chinese

多俾亚传:引言

《多俾亚传》是个很短的故事(见《艾斯德尔传》引言)。

多俾亚书诞生于犹太人散居各国的时期,也就是说它成书于巴勒斯坦境外的犹太人团体中,希腊圣经的“七十人”版本将其收入。像其他“第二经典”书本一样,本书也受到审查。因为它有两种不同的版本,其中一个版本有更多的详细描述,明显地比另一版本要冗长得多。是否这一版本就比另一个更有神圣性呢?

故事有教益,流传许久,可能今天的我们感到它的陈旧,但我们仍然欣赏它。本书之所以在圣经中占一席之地,并非偶然。公元前二世纪,散居各国的犹太人的人数越来越多,超过了生活在巴勒斯坦的犹太人人数。虽然人们认为生活在远离许地的外邦异国不值得庆幸,但他们的处境并没有坏到哪里去。许多犹太人,就像我们现世的基督徒,发现了新圣召的益处:作为少数人生活在异教世界中,为神圣的启示作见证。(与其他文化的相遇,使我们的精神振奋;与无信仰者的接触,给我们提供机会,向他们开启唯一上主的真理之门)。因为犹太教以遵循律法为基础,犹太家庭在团体中找到了坚强的依靠:每周在犹太教堂聚会,共同诵经祈祷等等。

然而,凡事不是一帆风顺。慢慢地,人们发现:犹太教的未来取决于每一个犹太家庭,他们应该把作为天主子民的特性一代代传承给子孙。所以要竭力避免与非天主子民的接触,以免忘却作为天主启示、诺言接受者的特征。

这就是多俾亚书的主题。书中重点表现两个只有独子和独女的家庭,以强调父传子承的使命,至于母亲,则几乎隐于幕后。实际上,只有一个家庭才是作者真正乐于表现的,这是一个世代传承的象征:托彼耳、托彼特、多俾亚,父亲永远清楚自己的重大使命——把接受了盟约的子民的品德和希望传给儿子。

Translation: Spanish

El libro de Tobías es uno de los libros tardíos de la Biblia. Data de dos siglos antes de nuestra era. El original, que estaba escrito en arameo, se perdió; pero había sido traducido al griego.

En los dos últimos siglos antes de Jesús, los judíos dispersos entre las naciones llegaron a ser mucho más numerosos que los que vivían en Palestina. Aun cuando se considerara como una desgracia vivir en países extranjeros, lejos de la Tierra Prometida, no les iba tan mal. Muchos en el mundo judío, tal como ocurrirá más tarde en el mundo cristiano, descubrieron los beneficios de esa nueva vocación: vivir como minorías en el mundo pagano, ser testigos en el mundo de la revelación divina. Las familias que querían mantenerse fieles en la observancia de la Ley, se apoyaban en sus comunidades donde se celebraba el culto semanal de la sinagoga con la lectura en común de la Escritura.

Se daban cuenta sin embargo que el porvenir del judaísmo dependía en gran parte de la transmisión por la familia de su identidad como pueblo de Dios. Era preciso evitar que los judíos se mezclaran con los pueblos que los rodeaban y se olvidaran de su vocación. El padre de familia, en especial, debía dar testimonio de su fe vivida en lo cotiidiano.

El autor del libro de Tobías quiso darles un modelo. Para componer su historia, se inspiró en un cuento de la época llamado: “El muerto agradecido”. Un hombre generoso descubre un cadáver sin sepultura y lo entierra dignamente. Más tarde, durante un viaje, se le acerca un desconocido, se pone a caminar con él, le libra de varios peligros y, cuando quiere recompensarlo, el desconocido, antes de desaparecer, le revela que él era el muerto al que había dado sepultura.

El autor del libro de Tobías se aprovechó de esta trama, introdujo el ángel... La vieja historia de Tobías no ha perdido su valor en un tiempo en que muchos cristianos no saben nada del camino que Jesús nos anunció. Se ha confiado demasiado en “la Iglesia”, en el catecismo impartido por el sacerdote, y los padres, muy a menudo, no son capaces de transmitir la palabra de Dios.

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