61The Lord turned and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, “Before the cock crows today, you will deny me three times.”
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Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.
One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the choice of a first person singular and plural pronoun (“I” and “we” and its various forms) as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. The most commonly used watashi/watakushi (私) is typically used when the speaker is humble and asking for help. In these verses, where God / Jesus is referring to himself, watashi is also used but instead of the kanji writing system (私) the syllabary hiragana (わたし) is used to distinguish God from others.
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.
One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the usage of an honorific construction where the morphemes rare (られ) or are (され) are affixed on the verb as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. This is particularly done with verbs that have God as the agent to show a deep sense of reverence. Here, mitsumeteo-rare-ru (見つめられる) or “look” and iw-are-ru (言われる) or “say” is used.
Living Water is produced for the Bible translation movement in association with Lutheran Bible Translators. Lyrics derived from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®).
strapheis ho kurios eneblepsen tō Petrō ‘the Lord turned around and looked at Peter.’ The clause implies that Jesus is within sight. For strapheis cf. on 7.9; for ho kurios cf. on 1.6 sub (3); for emblepō cf. on 20.17.
hupemnēsthē ho Petros tou rēmatos tou kuriou ‘Peter remembered the word of the Lord.’ rēma means here ‘saying,’ ‘utterance.’
hupomimnēskō ‘to remind,’ here in the passive ‘to remember,’ with genitive.
hōs eipen autō ‘how he had said to him,’ connects rēma with the subsequent direct quotation and has no semantic function of its own.
prin alektora phōnēsai sēmeron aparnēsē me tris ‘before the/a cock will have crowed today, you will disown me three times,’ cf. on v. 34, though the structure is different here.
Translation:
Turned, or, ‘turned around,’ ‘turned his head.’
For looked at see on 20.17 and cf. Tae’ 1933, ‘meeting eyes with Peter’/ ‘(his) eye meeting Peter’s’; for remembered see on 16.25.
The word of the Lord, how he said to him, or, ‘the word(s) the Lord had said to him,’ or simply, ‘what the Lord had said a while ago,’ ‘the Lord’s word(s).’
For the last sentence of this verse see on v. 34; where an analytical rendering of deny is necessary, e.g. ‘you will say that you do not know me,’ ‘you will say, “No, I do not know him” ,’ it may have to coincide with that of “you … deny that you know me” in v. 34.
Quoted with permission from Reiling, J. and Swellengrebel, J.L. A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1971. For this and other handbooks for translators see here . Make sure to also consult the Handbook on the Gospel of Mark for parallel or similar verses.
And: In Greek, this verse begins with a common conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as And. Some ways to translate it here are:
Then (NET Bible) -or-
At that moment (New Living Translation (2004))
the Lord turned and looked at Peter: The Lord Jesus was in a place where he could see Peter by turning toward him. Jesus may have been in the courtyard itself at that moment, or he may have been in an open room or gallery near the courtyard. As the rooster crowed, Jesus turned and looked at Peter. The context shows that Peter also saw Jesus looking at him.
Some other ways to translate this statement are:
The Lord turned toward Peter and looked directly at him -or-
⌊Peter saw⌋ the Lord turn and look at him
the Lord: The phrase the Lord refers here to Jesus. In some languages it may be necessary to make this explicit. For example:
the Lord ⌊Jesus⌋
22:61b
Then Peter remembered the word that the Lord had spoken to him: In Greek this clause is literally, “And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, as he said to him…” This word refers to what Jesus said to Peter in 22:34. The text repeats this statement in 22:61c. Some other ways to translate this are:
Then Peter remembered what the Lord had said to him -or-
And Peter remembered that the Lord had said (Contemporary English Version)
22:61c–d
Before the rooster crows today, you will deny Me three times: This statement is quoted from 22:34. See the notes at 22:34b and 22:34c. You should translate this statement in the same way as you did there.
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