Arphaxad / Arpachshad

The name that is transliterated as “Arphaxad” or “Arpachshad” in English means “one that releases,” “a jar pouring forth,” “I shall fail at the breast.” (Source: Cornwall / Smith 1997 )

In Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) it is translated with a sign that suggests “expansion of people.” Arphaxad is the grandson of Noah and is known for being a pioneer in the expansion of people. (Source: Missão Kophós )


“Arphaxad / Arpachshad” in Libras (source )

See also Cainan (son of Arphaxad).

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

Shem

The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Shem” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with a sign that signifies “Arab,” referring to the fact that Shem traditionally is seen as the forefather of Semitic people, including Abraham and his descendants (see Genesis 11:26 et al.)(Source: Steve Parkhurst)

Note that the terms “Semite” and “Semitic” are derived from “Shem.”


“Shem” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

See also Ham and Japheth.

More information on Shem .

complete verse (Genesis 10:22)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 10:22:

  • Newari: “The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “His male children were Elam, Ashur, Arfaxad, Lud, and Aram.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Genesis 10:22

Elam: this name refers to a people of great antiquity in Babylonia and northeast of the Persian Gulf, whose capital was Susa. Their language is not related to either Semitic or Indo-European languages. They are mentioned in Assyrian inscriptions and in Gen 14.1; Isa 11.11; and elsewhere.

Asshur is the Hebrew word for Assyria. See verse 11.

Arpachshad is mentioned only here and in the parallel passage in 1 Chr 1. Its significance and location have never been established for certain.

Lud: referred to as “Ludim” under verse 13. Speiser says “The name seems to point to the Lydians of Anatolia.”

Aram refers to the Arameans, a powerful state or group of states that struggled with Israel for control of the area. They are mentioned frequently in the Old Testament; for example, in Num 23.7; 2 Sam 8.6; 1 Chr 1.17. Their kingdom was once in Damascus. Through their influence the Aramaic language became a language of commerce and diplomacy.

Quoted with permission from Reyburn, William D. and Fry, Euan McG. A Handbook on Genesis. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1997. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .