love (for God)

Nida (1952, p. 125ff.) reports on different translation of the Greek and Hebrew terms that are translated as “love” when referring to loving God:

“The Toro So Dogon people on the edge of the Sahara in French West Africa speak of ‘love for God’ as ‘put God in our hearts.’ This does not mean that God can be contained wholly within the heart of a man, but the Eternal does live within the hearts of men by His Holy Spirit, and it is only love which prompts the soul to ‘put God in the heart.’

“The Mitla Zapotec Indians, nestled in the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico, describe ‘love’ in almost opposite words. Instead of putting God into one’s own heart, they say, ‘my heart goes away with God.’ Both the Toro So Dogon and the Zapotecs are right. There is a sense in which God dwells within us, and there is also a sense in which our hearts are no longer our own. They belong to Him, and the object of affection is not here on earth, but as pilgrims with no certain abiding place we long for that fuller fellowship of heaven itself.

“The Uduks seem to take a rather superficial view of love, for they speak of it as ‘good to the eye.’ But we must not judge spiritual insight or capacity purely on the basis of idioms. Furthermore, there is a sense in which this idiom is quite correct. In fact the Greek term agapé, which is used primarily with the meaning of love of God and of the Christian community, means essentially ‘to appreciate the worth and value of something.’ It is not primarily the love which arises from association and comradeship (this is philé), but it defines that aspect of love which prompted God to love us when there was no essential worth or value in us, except as we could be remade in the image of His Son. Furthermore, it is the love which must prompt us to see in men and women, still unclaimed for Jesus Christ, that which God can do by the working of His Spirit. This is the love which rises higher than personal interests and goes deeper than sentimental attachment. This is the basis of the communion of the saints.

“Love may sometimes be described in strong, powerful terms. The Miskitos of the swampy coasts of eastern Nicaragua and Honduras say that ‘love’ is ‘pain of the heart.’ There are joys which become so intense that they seem to hurt, and there is love which so dominates the soul that its closest emotion seems to be pain. The Tzotzils, living in the cloud-swept mountains of Chiapas in southern Mexico, describe love in almost the same way as the Miskitos. They say it is ‘to hurt in the heart.’ (…) [See also pain-love]

“The Q’anjob’al Indians of northern Guatemala have gone even a step further. They describe love as ‘my soul dies.’ Love is such that, without experiencing the joy of union with the object of our love, there is a real sense in which ‘the soul dies.’ A man who loves God according to the Conob idiom would say ‘my soul dies for God.’ This not only describes the powerful emotion felt by the one who loves, but it should imply a related truth—namely, that in true love there is no room for self. The man who loves God must die to self. True love is of all emotions the most unselfish, for it does not look out for self but for others. False love seeks to possess; true love seeks to be possessed. False love leads to cancerous jealousy; true love leads to a life-giving ministry.” (Source: Nida 1952)

In Mairasi, the term that is used for love for God, by God and for people is the same: “desire one’s face” (source: Enggavoter 2004), likewise in Ogea, where the word for “love” is “die for someone” (source: Sandi Colburn in Holzhausen 1991, p. 22).

LORD your God / Lord your God

The Hebrew and Greek that is translated in English as “Lord your God” or “Lord your God” is translated as “Lord our God” and “Lord our God” in Tzotzil as well as in many other Mayan languages if the speaker is included as one who calls the Lord their God. If the speaker said “your God” in Tzotzil, he or she would refer to the God of the people he or she addresses but would specifically exclude himself or herself. (Source: Robert Bascom in Omanson 2001, p. 254)

See also my God.

complete verse (Deuteronomy 11:1)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Deuteronomy 11:1:

  • Kupsabiny: “Moses continued to say, ‘Love the Lord your God. Keep his commandments, his decisions and his laws forever.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Love the LORD your God, and always obey His requirements, commands, decrees and Laws.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘You (plur.) love the LORD your (plur.) God and you (plur.) always obey what he requires-to-be-followed, statutes and commands.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘Because of all that Yahweh your God has done for you, you must love him and continually obey all his rules and regulations and commandments.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Deuteronomy 11:1

A new section begins here, so translators are advised to start the verse with something like “Moses said to the Israelites.”

Love the LORD your God: for this command see the similar command in 6.5.

Keep his charge: as in the other passages, keep means “obey,” “follow,” “put into practice.” The word charge, used here for the first time in this book, means “things commanded” or “obligation.” Another way to express this is “do everything that he has required you to do.” In the phrase keep his charge, the verb and the noun are from the same root, both in Hebrew and in Greek.

For statutes and ordinances see 4.1; for commandments see 4.2.

Good News Translation combines all four Hebrew nouns in this verse in the one phrase, “all his laws.” This is alright, since there are no strict differences in meaning among the four words, but Good News Translation does lose some of the emphasis found in the use of three or more words. A translation should not give the impression that the words apply to different kinds of rules. And it may be that some languages do not have four different words for rules and regulations. Contemporary English Version uses two words: “laws and teachings.” Charge may also be taken as a general term, with the three following words giving particular types of rules. So an alternative model using three terms of similar meaning is the following: “Follow everything that he requires you to do: his statutes, ordinances, and commandments.”

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Deuteronomy. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2000. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .