cubit

The Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek that is translated as “cubit” or into a metric or imperial measurement in English is translated in Kutu, Kwere, and Nyamwezi as makono or “armlength.” Since a cubit is the measurement from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, one armlength (measured from the center of the chest to the fingertips) equals two cubits or roughly 1 meter. (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

Similarly, in Akoose, the translation is “arm distance.” (Source: Joseph Nkwelle Ngome and Marlie van Rooyen & Jacobus A. Naudé in Communicatio 2009, p. 251ff.)

In Klao it is converted into “hand spans” (app. 6 inches or 12 cm) and “finger spans” (app. 1 inch or 2 cm) (source: Don Slager) and in Bariai into leoa or “fathom,” which comprises the distance from a person’s fingertip to fingertip with arms outstretched, app. 6 feet (source: Bariai Back Translation).

distance (long / wide / high)

The concepts of distance that are translated in English with “long,” “wide,” and “high/tall” are translated in Kwere with one word: utali. (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

complete verse (1 Kings 7:6)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of 1 Kings 7:6:

  • Kupsabiny: “The second house that Solomon built was called The House of Pillars. It had the length of seventy five feet but/and the width was forty five feet. There was a veranda on the door side of that house which was made to stand on pillars.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “He built a courtyard 22 meters long and 13.5 meters wide, surrounded by pillars. There was a vestibule in front of it, and there were pillars in front of it and there was a roof that came out of it.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The other building is the gathering place with many pillars. Its length was 75 feet, and the width was 45 feet. It has a balcony/porch in front with a roof and with pillars.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “They also built another building called the Hall of Pillars. It was 75 feet long and 45 feet wide. It had a covered porch whose roof was supported by pillars.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on 1 Kings 7:6

And translates the common Hebrew conjunction, but since it introduces the discussion of a different building or room, several English versions use the word “also” (Revised English Bible, New Jerusalem Bible, New Century Version). Bible en français courant uses a word indicating that the construction of the building here took place following the one mentioned in verses 2-5. Other versions consider the beginning of a new paragraph to be an adequate representation of this conjunction.

The Hall of Pillars apparently consisted of a colonnade with a covered porch (also called a “portico”) in front of the colonnade. Translations of the Hebrew expression for the Hall of Pillars include “the Colonnade” (New Jerusalem Bible), “the porch of the columned hall” (New American Bible), and “the portico” (Revised English Bible). The exact relationship between the Hall of Pillars and the porch in front is not clear. The purpose for which the Hall of Pillars was built is not known. Archaeologists have not recovered Solomon’s palace, so the exact locations of the Hall of Pillars and “the Hall of Judgment” (verse 7) in relation to the other buildings of the palace are not known. It is possible that people had to pass through the Hall of Pillars in order to enter the Hall of Judgment. Some interpreters think that the Hall of Pillars was located in front of the House of the Forest of Lebanon. Parole de Vie (also Bible en français courant), in fact, makes this interpretation explicit in its translation at the end of verse 6 by saying “This room was placed in front of ‘The Forest of Lebanon.’ ” But this translation says more than the Hebrew text does, and it is not recommended.

Its length was fifty cubits, and its breadth thirty cubits: The size of the Hall of Pillars is stated in cubits. Good News Translation again uses “feet” as the unit of measure. Biblia Dios Habla Hoy says “twenty-two and a half meters long and thirteen and a half meters wide.” Bible en français courant rounds this off as “twenty-five meters long and fifteen meters wide.”

There was a porch in front with pillars, and a canopy before them: The meaning of this part of the verse is not clear. New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh has a footnote that states “Meaning of Hebrew uncertain.”

Porch translates the same Hebrew term that is rendered “Hall” at the beginning of this verse and “vestibule” in verse 12. See the comments on this term at 1 Kgs 6.3, where it is rendered “vestibule.”

The Hebrew noun rendered canopy is a technical term of architecture whose exact meaning is uncertain. It is not clear whether the canopy covered the porch or was in front of the porch (New Revised Standard Version). A common language way of speaking of a canopy is to say “covering” (International Children’s Bible). For this reason certain versions speak of “a covered porch” (Good News Translation, Contemporary English Version) or “an overhanging roof” (New International Version). Another proposal is “cornice” (Revised English Bible, New Jerusalem Bible). Since the meaning is not certain, translators may choose to follow the interpretation already found in an existing translation that is widely used.

A possible model for translating this verse is:

• The Hall of Columns that Solomon made was 25 meters long and 15 meters wide. A porch went all the way across the front of the hall. This porch was covered and the covering was supported by pillars.

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on 1-2 Kings, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2008. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on 1 Kings 7:6

7:6a Solomon made his colonnade fifty cubits long and thirty cubits wide,

Solomon also built a hall of/with columns. The length ⌊of this hall⌋ was 50 cubits and its width was 30 cubits.
-or-
Solomon also had ⌊his workmen⌋ construct the Hallway of Pillars. It was twenty-five (25) meters long and fifteen (15) meters wide.

7:6b with a portico in front of it and a canopy with pillars in front of the portico.

The meaning of this verse part is not certain. Translators may wish to follow their majority-language version.

In front of this hall was a covered porch supported by columns.
-or-
There was an entrance area in front of this hallway, and it had pillars and a roof.

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